摘要:

The fate of phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems is of concern because it has been identified as a major contributor to eutrophication of surface water supplies. In order to ascertain the impact of inorganic phosphate on water quality, the chemical speciation, concentration, bio‐availability, and distribution in the soil‐water system are prerequisites. Environmental regulations and land disposal of organic wastes also require quantifying the partitioning of inorganic phosphate between solid and solution phases in soil‐water systems. In order to develop a partition coefficient or a partition function, several aspects of the solution chemistry of inorganic phosphate were reviewed. Several sorption mechanisms and mathematical models have been used to describe equilibrium sorption and the time‐dependent phosphate removal from solution. The most frequently applied equilibrium model was the Langmuir equation in the single‐surface form. Because of the amount of Langmuir data available, Langmuir parameters were compiled for the purpose of obtaining a partition coefficient and for correlating Langmuir parameters with selected soil chemical properties. A lack of uniformity was noted in experimental methods used for determining soil properties and phosphate sorption parameters. Correlation of sorption parameters with soil chemical properties indicated that “active”; iron and aluminum species are involved in phosphate sorption. The “active”; species appear to be quantified best by oxalate extractants.

ISSN:0007-8999    

DOI:10.1080/10643388009381680

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

There are many published articles concerning nuclear power and the environment as related to human health. This paper reviews the literature on the impact of ionizing radiation released during various segments of the nuclear fuel cycle — mining through spent fuel rod reprocessing — on the biota of the natural environment. The nuclear fuel cycle is discussed in some detail with emphasis on radioactive waste resulting from the various operations of the cycle. The effect of generated waste on biota is discussed with reference to the extensive literature on radiation ecology. The conclusion is that nuclear power plants and support activities operating within the constraints of national and international regulations on radioactive discharges will have inconsequential radiation effects on natural ecosystems in the vicinity of nuclear fuel cycle operations.

ISSN:0007-8999    

DOI:10.1080/10643388009381681

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor