ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621002

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractKnown aetiological factors of thyroid tumours are: genetic, hormonal, irradiation and auto‐immune thyroiditis. Some medullary carcinomas are familial. Thyroid‐stimulating hormone plays a significant part in the initiation and maintenance of many well‐differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Small doses of irradiation in childhood and probably also in adolescence may induce a papillary or follicular carcinoma. Some malignant lym‐phomas develop in a previous auto‐immune thyroiditis.Diagnosis of a malignant thyroid tumour is usually obvious once there has been extrathyroidal spread. Intrathyroidal tumours are suspect if they are hard and irregular. The real diagnostic problem is the clinically solitary nodule which is smooth, firm and mobile in a euthyroid patient. Ultrasound and scanning may increase or decrease the suspicion of malignancy but excisional biopsy is the only certain diagnostic

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621003

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThyroid cancer accounts for just under 1 per cent of malignant disease. The prognosis varies from excellent with papillary carcinoma in young people to very poor in anaplastic carcinoma in the elderly. Modified rather than radical dissection of lymph nodes is indicated with well‐differentiated tumours. The level of calcitonin in the blood is a sensitive marker for medullary carcinoma occurring either as sporadic or familial disease. The outcome of management in 7 patients with medullary carcinoma indicates that the prognosis is variable and that thyroidectomy is effective treatmen

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621004

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe non‐surgical treatment of thyroid cancer is outlined. The success of chemotherapy and of radiotherapy is dependent on the number of tumour cells present, and immediate postoperative treatment is therefore often valuable. The role of X‐ray therapy, radio‐iodine, hormones and chemotherapy is discussed for the different histological

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621005

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621006

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSepticaemia in surgical patients usually occurs after operation or a manipulative event. The incidence of bacteraemia in one surgical unit was observed over a 7‐year period. Gram‐negative infections occurred three times more frequently than bacteraemia caused by Gram‐positive bacteria. The clinical features of septicaemia, the portals of entry of the infection and the bacteria isolated from blood cultures are desc

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621007

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe problems associated with septic shock are highlighted, including those which arose during a 3‐year prospective study. Mortality in the first year of the study was 71 per cent, falling to 38 per cent in the third year. The reasons, for this fall are detailed. The pattern of survival times changed over the 3 years, giving rise to the longer term complications such as stress bleeding, multiple organ failure and superadded infectio

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621008

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe distinction between 'medical' and 'surgical'jaundice is often difficult due to the lack of specificity of biochemical liver function tests, and the difficulty in assessing hepatocellular function and biliary tract patency in the jaundiced patient. We present a non‐invasive isotopic technique which gives reliable information on these parameters, resulting in a high degree of accuracy in the classification of jaundice.131I Rose Bengal, which is handled by the liver like bromsulphthalein, is administered intravenously and count rates during hepatic uptake and biliary excretion are recorded over the liver, biliary tract and duodenum using a gamma camera computer system, into which is built an electronic light pen, so that particular areas of interest can be studied. Blood clearance of the isotope is simultaneously measured, and from these data the T1/2of uptake, the plasma retention and the excretion quotient are determined.The results of the first 80 examinations show that by qualitative assessment of the uptake and excretory phases of the 'hepatogram' and by determination of the T1/2 and excretion quotient, jaundice has been classified with an 86per cent accuracy in cases where the diagnosis is not apparent from clinical and biochemical data. The T1/2 of uptake correlates well with bromsulphthalein retention in the non‐jaundiced patient, and when applied to patients with obstructive jaundice enables the progress of hepatocellular impairment with time to be studied, and its recovery after relief of the obstruction. Preliminary results suggest that the technique may also have applications in the study of biliary tract dynamics in patients with post‐cholecystectomy syndromes and relapsing acute pancrea

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621009

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe99Tcmclearance technique is shown to be a useful method of assessing gastric function. It is easily carried out and is relatively non‐toxic–the dose of isotope could be reduced to 100 μCi or less without sacrificing the accuracy of the investigation. Although the results are preliminary and the number of cases investigated so far is small, they suggest that the measurement of pertechnetate clearance is directly related to gastric mucosal blood flow; it is a use ful parameter of gastric function and may well prove to be a more accurate discriminant in cases of peptic ulceration than the conventional measurement of gastric acid secre

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621010

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study sought to determine in a district general hospital (a) the frequency and nature of bacterial contamination at operation, (b) the incidence of consequent infection and (c) the prophylactic effect, if any, of inter‐parietal povidone‐iodine against postoperative wound infection.Bacterial contamination was shown in 49 per cent of all the abdominal surgical wounds at the end of operation. From 61 per cent of the subsequently infected wounds, organisms identified as contaminants at operation were again found. Interparietal instillation of povidone‐iodine resulted in a statistically significant reduction in wound infection (P<0.01) in treated patients compared with untreated, randomized, matched controls. It was of significant value in cases of intestinal resection and peritonitis, in obese patients and in those with paramedian incisions.Laboratory studies indicate that povidone‐iodine does not induce bacterial resistance. This chemical antibacterial agent may thus provide a preferable alternative to antibiotics in preventing such inf

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621011

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY