摘要:

AbstractThe overseas membership of the Editorial Board has increased steadily over the past two decades, reflecting the international flavour of The British Journal of Surgery. In 1989, to foster closer links with continental Europe, the Council of the BJS Society appointed the first surgeon from outside Britain to join the Editorial Committee, the body with executive control over the monthly publication of the Journal. There are now three representatives from mainland Europe on the Editorial Committee, and their profiles are given below.

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800791002

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800791003

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800791004

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCytokines are low molecular weight proteins released by cells of the immune system that have therapeutic potential in cancer. They include the interleukins, the interferons, tumour necrosis factor and the colony‐stimulating factors. Cytokines are capable of producing significant and sustained responses against a number of tumours. Clinically, the highest response rates to cytokine immunotherapy have been seen in melanoma and renal cell cancer. Current efforts aim to reduce treatment‐related toxicity while maintaining the efficacy of cytokines. The therapeutic potential of these agents may be increased with genetic manipulation by introducing genes encoding cytokines into tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes and certain tumour cells. However, immunotherapy remains time consuming and expensive, and further developments are necessary before it can have a definitive role in tumour manag

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800791005

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe treatment of septic shock remains a major problem in surgical practice. Current research on the pathogenesis of the sepsis syndrome focuses on the effects of the lipopolysaccharide constituents of bacterial endotoxin. Evidence suggests that endotoxin induces a whole‐body inflammatory response that in turn mediates organ damage, eventually leading to multiorgan failure. The first organ in which failure is usually apparent is the lung, with the appearance of nonEndotoxin, septic shock and acute lung injury:‐cardiogenic pulmonary oedema as part of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Inflammatory cells involved in lung injury include neutrophils and macrophages, which release mediators such as elastase, oxygen radicals and cytokines. This review summarizes current experimental work on how endotoxin leads to lung injury, based on its effects in animals and patients. Present knowledge suggests that future treatment of septic shock might involve inhibiting the body's inflammatory response to endotoxin. Possible ways of doing this are discus

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800791006

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMedical information is increasingly stored in electronic format, enabling faster and more flexible access to the literature. Online, compact disc and floppy disc databases are widely available. The origins and development of these different database media are described. The strengths and weaknesses of each, and the ways in which they complement each other, are examined. Ease of access to medical information can result in data management problems; the role of bibliographic software in ensuring full exploitation of the electronic information revolution is therefore emphasized.

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800791007

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIliofemoral and femorofemoral crossover bypass operations performed over a 6‐year period were reviewed. A total of 226 patients underwent 231 operations from 1984 to 1990. Seventy‐two patients had 75 iliofemoral grafts and 154 patients had 156 femorofemoral grafts. The early mortality rate was 6 per cent for the iliofemoral group and 1.3 per cent for femorofemoral reconstruction. There was a higher reoperation rate in the iliofemoral group (31 versus 16.0 per cent). The cumulative patency rate at 6 years was 75 per cent for iliofemoral bypass and 92 per cent for the femorofemoral procedure (P<0.01), while the survival rates for the same period were 55 and 74 per cent respectively (P<0.01). Hospital stay was significantly shorter for patients undergoing femorofemoral bypass (P<0.

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800791008

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRepair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) carries a xconsiderable rate of morbidity and mortality, but little information exists on the quality of life following this procedure. During 1988 and 1989, in two hospitals, 211 patients (186 men and 25 women; median age 74 (range 48‐‐87) years) underwent surgery for AAA. There were 77 ruptured aneurysms and 134 electively repaired. Of these, 38 patients died in hospital (27 ruptured, 11 elective); by the time of review a further eight (one ruptured, seven elective) had died from unrelated causes. Of the 165 survivors, 131 (45 ruptured, 86 elective) were reviewed and questioned as to their physical and mental state before and after surgery. Using the Rosser index, a value for quality of life before and after surgery was calculated (1.0, good; 0, dead). The value for the elective group was 0.94 before operation and 0.96 after, but in the ruptured group fell from 0.98 before surgery to 0.87 afterwards. This study shows that patients undergoing elective surgery for repair of AAA retain good quality of life. By contrast, patients surviving emergency surgery following this procedure seem to suffer a deterioration in life quality, which must be endured for the same expected lifetime as that for the elective group. These results support the need for a national AAA ultrasonographic screening progra

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800791009

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe synchronous performance of aortic and gastrointestinal surgery may hold an increased risk of aortic graft infection. The experience of one surgeon who performed 32 such synchronous operations over a period of 11 years is reviewed. No graft infection occurred and it is concluded that such combined operations may be safer to perform than staged surgery in elderly patients.

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800791010

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCompliance measurements of 53 long saphenous veins before femorodistal bypass have been performed using a duplex scanner with venous occlusion for distension. These have been compared with the histological features of the veins. There was significantly more moderate or severe focal hyperplasia and circular muscle hypertrophy in distal long saphenous vein than in its proximal counterpart (P<0.01 andP<0.05 respectively). The mean (95 per cent confidence interval) compliance of distal vein with moderate or severe hyperplasia was 0.16 (0.13‐0.19) compared with 0.29 (0.22—0.36) for that with no, minimal or mild hyperplasia (P= 0.001). The mean compliance of distal vein with moderate or severe muscle hypertrophy was 0.19 (0.17—0.21) and of vein with no, minimal or mild hypertrophy 0.25 (0.21—0.29) (P= 0.14). The mean lowest compliance in seven patients who developed stenosis was 0.10 (0.07—0.13) compared with 0.21 (0.16—0.26) in the rest (P<0.001). Preoperative measurement of vein compliance can be used to identify vein with marked pre‐existing intimal hyperplasia and as a predictor of future g

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800791011

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY