摘要:

AbstractAn analysis of the complications of implanting pacemakers at St George's Hospital between 1967 and 1973 highlights the difficulties of implanting foreign bodies. During this 7 years 1543 pacemakers were implanted in 779 adults. In 91 patients there were 118 implants with surgical complications, most of them due to a pressure necrosis or local infection; 3 septicaemias occurred. The various complications are classified and related to technique of implantation. Methods of management of the complications are presented.As an Appendix the operative techniques of first and subsequent implantations are outlined.

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive different types of surgical mask of varying design and composition of natural and synthetic fibres were tested for their efficiency in vivo by means of a special test chamber. Contaminated particles escaping through or around the mask during speech by the wearer could be collected and sized. Analysis of the data showed that the gross efficiency of all the masks was high, but that some masks were distinctly better at small particle “filtration” than others. There was a significant difference in efficiency between the best and worst masks. The best masks contained more fabric, were softer and were pleated, while the worst were stiffer, smaller and not pleated. Reusable cotton fabric masks were as effective as synthetic fabric masks when made to a good des

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractParticles of talc have been identified on the route surface of surgeons' rubber gloves and in sections of tissue classified as “starch” or “foreign body” granulomas. This analytical study indicates that under certain circumstances these granulomas could have been caused by talc contam

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of nylon sutures and metal skin clips on the tensile properties of healing skin wounds have been studied in the pig. Wounds closed with clips have significantly poorer mechanical properties at 5,7 and 14 days after wounding than similar wounds in the same animal closed with interrupted nylon sutures. This difference increased progressively with the period of retention of the clips. It is also shown that in equivalent groups of 14‐day wounds, those in which clips were retained after the seventh day had a lower tensile strength, poorer ability to absorb energy and a lower elastic modulus than similar wounds where clips had been removed early. No such adverse effect was noted with nylon suture

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a prospective randomized trial there was no advantage in tying tension sutures flush with the wound; by tying them loosely (over three fingers of the assistant's hand) there was less wound pain and less cutting in of the tension suture into the ridge of the wound and along the suture tracks.

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred and four patients with superficial lacerations were sutured with either Dexon (polyglycolic acid), silk, polyethylene or nylon sutures. The incidence of postoperative tissue reaction and wound infection was compared.There were few complications and these occurred with almost the same frequency in each suture group, although there were slightly more cases of infection in the patients who were sutured with silk.Dexon was seen to possess certain advantages in that it caused as little tissue reaction as the other sutures but did not have to be removed subsequently. This could clearly be of benefit to the patients and hospital staff alike.

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case of dry gangrene of the tongue due to selfapplication of an elastic rubber band in a mentally retarded child is described. As far as is known, no such case of gangrene of the tongue has been described in the English literature.

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐eight patients with in situ intraduct carcinoma of the breast are reviewed. Two patients had bilateral tumours. The numbers of patients treated by wide local excision, simple mastectomy and mastectomy with axillary dissection were approximately equal; none of these patients died of carcinoma. The conclusions regarding prognosis and treatment of in situ intraduct carcinoma of the breast are discusse

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Cancer Register for the South‐West Region of England has been used to examine the survival rate of men with carcinoma of the breast, and a comparison has been made with carcinoma of the breast in women. For all men with carcinoma of the breast the prognosis is worse than for all women, but comparing the prognosis by clinical stage, the difference between men and women is small. However, the survival rate in men under 65 years of age is appreciably better than for men over 65, and for older men the survival rate is considerably less than for women over 6

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the period 1957‐72, 426 patients were operated upon for calculous disease of the biliary tract. For various reasons pre‐exploratory operative cholangiography was not performed in 26 patients, but in the remaining 400 patients this examination was the major determinant as to whether or not the common duct contained calculi, and hence required exploration. Analysis of this series of 400 patients shows that without operative cholangiography (a) ductal stones would have been overlooked in 16 of the 78 patients with stones in the common duct (4 per cent of the whole series; 20‐5 per cent of those with stones in the common bile duct); (b) exploration of the common duct would have been required in a further 48 (15 per cent) of the 322 patients without stones in the common duct, giving a positive yield from operative cholangiography in 64 patients (16 per cent) in the whole series. Negative exploration of the common duct was performed in only 31 patients, that is 29 per cent of the patients whose duct was explored but only 7‐8 per cent of the whole group.The criteria by which an operative cholangiogram should be assessed were re‐evaluated in the light of the findings in these 400 patients. In general the criteria of normality previously described were affirmed, and the following points established:aIn the absence of a filling defect the diameter of the duct is the most important indication of the presence of a stone.bThere is a statistically significant increase in the diameter of the common duct with age, and though not great this could, if neglected, give rise to error in the interpretation of the cholangiogram in younger patients.cEven within the overall normal range of duct diameter (<12 mm) the wider the duct, the greater is the chance of it harbouring a stone.dImpaired flow of contrast material into the duodenum is significantly related to duct diameter.eImpaired flow of contrast material into the duodenum and failure to delineate the terminal segment of the duct tend to occur together; they may occur in a duct free of stones and if they are the only abnormality the examination should be repeated after the inhalation of amyl nitrite.This study confirms that operative cholangiography is the most accurate method at present available of determining whether or not the common duct contains a stone (or stones), and hence requires ex

ISSN:0007-1323    

DOI:10.1002/bjs.1800621211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY