摘要:

AbstractDifferent assay systems have been used to quantitate lymphokine‐induced natural cytotoxic activity as a measure of immune status. This study compares the effects of inducing cytotoxicity in a bulk culture system, where effector cells are transferred to a micro culture well for assay, to a micro culture system where the effector cells are not transferred. The effector/target ratio for both the bulk and micro culture systems was calculated using the number of viable effector cells present at the time of target cell addition. After over‐night incubation with interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), the lytic activity of murine spleen cells to targets using a micro culture system was increased two‐fold over the bulk culture method. This increase was amplified further after 5 days of activation with IL‐2, in that the micro culture system resulted in a four‐fold increase in cytotoxic activity. The loss of some adherent cells in the bulk culture system did not explain the overall decrease in recovered cytotoxicity. The difference appeared to be related to cell loss during centrifugation. Therefore, the E/T ratios are different in the two systems if not corrected for the number of viable cells. © 1992 W

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860060302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDelayed hypersensitivity skin tests (DHST) with recall antigens were investigated as prognostic markers in five different approaches. In the first study, 42 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients (IVb, IVcl, IVd, and IVe; MMWR 35:334–339, 1986) 26 AIDS‐related complex (ARC) patients (IVa and IVc2), and 98 asymptomatic patients (II and III) were evaluated with candidin, tricophytin, PPD and streptokinase‐streptodornase. In the second study, 10 patients (II and III) were evaluated sequentially with the same antigens. In the third, 45 patients with at least two positive skin tests (“reactors”) were followed for one year and evaluated every 6 months with the same antigens. In the fourth, 16 “reactors” were followed and evaluated every 3 months with the same antigens. We measured the interval from the time at which patients first presented with only one or no positive DHST until the development of ARC or AIDS. In the last study, the correlation between absolute number of CD4+lymphocytes and the number of DHST was studied in 151 patients. We found that the decrease in reactiveness to DHST correlated directly with the progression to AIDS, demonstrating the usefulness of this simple procedure as a valid prognostic marker. © 1992 W

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860060303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe Studied total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and free testosterone in four males presenting an electrophoretically slowmoving genetic variant of albumin, the alloalbumin Catania. Free testosterone levels were lower in these cases, found in a year of observation, than those expected for the ages. This finding, which is not related to any disease and constantly not recognized in other males with various genetic variants, should induce consideration of a probable difference of the genetic variant in hormone binding. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860060304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCirculating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 antigen levels were measured by a highly sensitive HIV p24 antigen‐capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS‐related complex (ARC) otherwise negative for HIV p24 antigenmeasured by a commercial antigen‐capture ELISA. The assays were performed at baseline and at several intervals during treatment with either zidovudine (ZDV) or dideoxyinosine (ddl). To further enhance the rate of antigen detection, serum was pretreated with hydrochloric acid to denature antibody in immune complexes. Utilizing this assay system, we monitored these patients for drug efficacy. HIV p24 antigen levels obtained by using this sensitive assay decreased in 3 of 8 patients receiving ZDV during 8 weeks of ZDV treatment. Similarly, ddl administration was associated with a decrease of HIV p24 antigen levels in 3 of 5 patients. Thus, the use of the highly sensitive HIV p24 antigen assay permitted the monitoring of surrogate HIV p24 antigen as a measure of efficacy of anti‐retroviral therapy in all of these patients who were otherwise HIV p24 antigen‐negative at the onset of anti‐retroviral therapy. © 1992 W

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860060305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe determined platelet‐associated IgG (PAIgG) levels in patients with aplastic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), iron deficiency anemia, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as in normal healthy adults as a control group. To determine PAIgG levels, we used a competitive micro enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which had excellent reproducibility, recovery, and dilution. We confirmed its reliability by comparing it to the immunoradiometric assay. Both the aplastic anemia group (n = 27, mean ± SD = 218.6 ± 244.6ng/107platelets) and the ITP group (n = 82, mean ± SD = 212.5 ± 327.8 ng/107platelets) had higher PAIgG levels than the SLE group (n = 4, mean ± SD = 38.4 ± 22.4 ng/107platelets), iron deficiency anemia group (n = 10, mean ± SD = 16.1 ± 3.6ng/107platelets), and normal control group (n) = 69, mean ± SD = 16.1 ± 3.6ng/107platelets. The higher platelet associated IgG levels in aplastic anemia suggest that autoimmune mechanisms are involved. © 1992 W

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860060306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDidemnin A was conjugated at the amino terminus of theN‐methylleucine residue, via the linkersN‐succinimidyl‐3‐(2‐pyridyldithio)propionate and trans‐1,4‐maleimidomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid, to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The didemnin‐KLH conjugates were used to hyperimmunize rabbits. The resulting high titer antisera were employed with didemnin‐BSA conjugate‐coated microtiter plate wells to develop an indirect competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay (CIEIA) that was fully cross reactive with didemnin B. A CIEIA is described that is capable of detecting the drug in plasma from didemnin Btreated patients at concentrations down to 1‐3 ng/ml. This simple, sensitive CIEIA has been employed to demonstrate plasma drug clearance profiles with samples from didemnin B‐treated patients.

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860060307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies were raised against human pancreatic stone protein (PSP) and used for one‐step enzyme immunoassay (EIA). PSP‐S2‐5was employed as the standard in the assay. The assay's measurable range was 25‐1,500 ng/ml and within run coefficient of variation was 3.7‐6.4%. Analytical recovery of the assay was 101.5 ± 5.65% (X± SD). The results of experiments in which serum was fractionated by Mono S (cation exchange chromatography) suggested that most of immunoreactive material in human serum is PSP‐S2‐5. The EIA offers simple, rapid, and specific analysis of serum PSP level for clinical diagnosis. © 1992

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860060308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe standard enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) currently in use for detection of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) was used to evaluate the influence of heat inactivation and sheep erythrocyte adsorption on individual optical density (OD) of sera from healthy blood donors or patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. Each sample was tested after single or combined maneuvers as follows: adsorbed, adsorbed and inactivated, only inactivated, and compared to basal readings.A significant increase of ACA titers did occur after inactivation of normal sera, but adsorption had no effect. In contrast, neither inactivation nor adsorption changed ACA titer in primary antiphospholipid syndrome sera as a group, although in certain sera there were changes.This observation may suggest the presence in normal serum of a thermolabile factor which modulates ACA binding to its antigen and the reactivity of the anticardiolipin antibodies of the primary antiphospholipid syndrome with sheep erythrocyte membrane phospholipids. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860060309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhen monoclonal kits are used we can no longer detect highly elevated serum concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients as we could earlier (Pediatr Res10:235–236, 1975). Instead, we find increased concentrations of CA 19‐9 or CA 195 in the CF sera. The serum levels of CA 19‐9 not only reflect the pulmonary condition of CF patients but also respond well to antibiotic therapy. Several lines of evidence suggest that the elevated serum concentration of CA 19‐9 is derived from sputum and corresponds with the amount of sputum in the lung. Correlations between CA 19‐9 and CA 195 in random and serial specimens from both patients with CF and patients with pancreatic carcinoma suggest that all sera contain heterogeneous, Lewis blood group‐related epitopes and the proportions of various epitopes are different among individual patients. When monitored on multiple tumor markers, the pattern of CF is different from that of pancreatic carcinoma although both usually show elevated CA 19‐9. Our study indicates that both CA 19‐9 and CA 195 can be used as sensitive markers for the early detection of exacerbation in CF patients. © 1992

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860060310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA sensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) for (antihuman T‐cell leukemia virus type l) IgG (anti‐HTLV‐l IgG) in serum using a synthetic peptide, Ala‐Cys‐envgp46(237‐262), of HTLV‐I is described. Anti‐HTLV‐I IgG in test serum, which had been incubated with excess of inactive β‐D‐galactosidase to eliminate interference by anti‐β‐D‐galactosidase antibodies, was reacted simultaneously with 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐bovine serum albumin‐Ala‐Cys‐envgp46(237‐262) conjugate and Ala‐Cys‐envgp46(237‐262)‐β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate. The complex formed consisting of the three components was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl group) IgG. After washing to eliminate nonspecific IgG in the test serum and excess of the β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate, the complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with ϵN‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine and transferred to polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐human IgG γ‐chain) IgG. β‐D‐galactosidase activity bound to the (antihuman IgG γ‐chain) IgG‐coated polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorometry. This assay was more sensitive than other methods using HTLV‐I antigen, and most negative and positive sera were discriminated. However, some results appeared to be false positive or false negative, and the peptide, Ala‐Cys‐envgp46(237‐262), was suggested to be useful, in combination with other peptides, for improving the reliability of serodiagnosis by separately demons

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860060311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY