摘要:

AbstractBinding capacities and apparent dissociation constants of receptors for [D‐Trp6]‐luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone ([D‐Trp6]‐LH‐RH), somatostatin (SS‐14), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and estrogen and progesterone were determined in 500 breast cancer specimens using multipoint assays. Specific binding sites greater than 10 fmol/mg cytosol protein for estrogen were found in 408 carcinomas (81.6%), and for progesterone in 340 specimens (68%). High affinity EGF receptors were present in membrane preparations from 335 samples (67%). In 260 of 500 samples (52%), two classes of [D‐Trp6]‐LH‐RH membrane receptor sites were also detected, one class showing high affinity and low capacity, and the other class showing low affinity and high capacity; 178 biopsy samples (35.6%) exhibited binding sites for SS‐14. Statistically significant inverse correlations were found between the binding capacities of estrogen and EGF receptors as well as between Bmaxof progesterone and EGF receptors. Significant positive correlations were demonstrated between binding capacities of estrogen and progesterone and between Bmaxof high affinity and low affinity binding sites of [D‐Trp6]‐LH‐RH receptors. However, no correlation was found between the dissociation constants of different receptor sites in human breast cancer specimens. These results demonstrate that numerous human breast cancers, in addition to receptors for estrogen and progesterone, also show binding sites for EGF, [D‐Trp6]‐LH‐RH and SS‐14. The methods described herein permit a routine quantification of receptor sites for [D‐Trp6]‐LH‐RH, SS‐14, and EGF in membrane preparations of biopsy samples of breast cancer and can be used in conjunction with the determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in nuclear‐cytosolic extracts. The simultaneous measurements using a microanalytic approach allow the determination of peptide and steroid hormone receptors that might be involved in the response mechanisms of human breast cancer. It should be possible to correlate the levels of these receptors with clinical parameters to better identify endocrine‐responsive neoplasms. This approach might be useful to guide a ration

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExamination of serum for the presence of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by immunoblot analysis requires precise identification of reactivities with various HIV specific proteins. During a recent survey of approximately 2,000 sera, we identified 22 sera from non‐HIV‐reactive blood donors and 2 from individuals receiving blood products for congenital blood disorders, which consistently and exclusively reacted with a protein of a molecular weight slightly greater than 65,000 daltons (termed AT65). Since the HIVpolp65 protein reacts with specific antibodies at about the same position (i.e., 65,000 daltons), it was essential to determine the viral or nonviral origin of the AT65 reactivity. Our data indicate that the AT65 reaction is due to a protein present on normal or activated lymphocytes, which can co‐purify with HIV preparations used for immunoblot analysis. Recognition of HIV‐specific p65 and nonspecific AT65 reactions is important to those responsible for interpretation of HIV immunoblots and may aid in the evaluation of some “indeterminant

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have studied two patients who developed pancreatitis and who died of complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). From clinical analysis, presumptively, both patients developed CMV pancreatitis as a complication of AIDS.

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComparison of phenotyping (PT) and genotyping (GT) of lymphoid neoplasms was performed on 51 specimens including lymph nodes, bone marrows, and body fluids. PT was performed with a flow cytometer using a large monoclonal antibody panel. GT included the testing for gene rearrangements of heavy chain, κ and λ light chains, and T‐cell receptor β‐chain genes with DNA probes. The results obtained from these two techniques were generally compatible in terms of clonality and cell lineage. Only one case of B‐cell lymphoma was not diagnosed by PT but showed gene rearrangement. For T‐cell lymphoma, GT offers a more definitive diagnosis than does PT. Biclonality was demonstrated in one case of hairy cell leukemia by GT only. The rearranged band also offers a definitive clonal identification based on electrophoretic mobility. GT can detect a monoclonal population as small as 5% and can be performed on old or fresh specimens. PT requires 20% abnormal cells and a fresh specimen. It is concluded that GT is superior to PT for lymphoid tumor diagnosis, but it should be reserved as a supplementary test at this stage because of its technical

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA more sensitive and simpler immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for anti‐thyroglobulin IgG in serum and its use for the measurement of anti‐thyroglobulin IgG in healthy subjects and patients with thyroid diseases are described. Antithyroglobulin IgG in test serum was reacted simultaneously with dinitrophenyl thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin‐β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate. The complex formed of antithyroglobulin IgG, dinitrophenyl thyroglobulin, and thyroglobulin‐β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate was trapped onto two polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified rabbit (antidinitrophenyl bovine serum albumin) IgG. The polystyrene balls were washed to eliminate nonspecific IgG in the test serum, and the complex was eluted from the polystyrene balls with dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine and transferred to two polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified rabbit (anti‐human IgG γ‐chain) IgG. β‐D‐Galactosidase activity bound to the polystyrene balls was assayed by fluorimetry using 4‐methylumbelliferyl‐β‐D‐galactoside as substrate. As compared with the previous immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay, the procedure was simplified by reducing one incubation step and one washing step, and the detection limit of antithyroglobulin IgG in serum (0.1 μg/liter) was lowered 100‐fold. More careful and extensive examination than in a previous study revealed the presence of antithyroglobulin IgG in a large proportion of healthy subjects and in all patien

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIgM detection by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most used method of establishing a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy. In this paper, we discuss the results obtained assaying 1,000 sera from pregnant women by two ELISA kits: a traditional indirect ELISA and a more recent IgM‐capture ELISA. All the sera that gave a positive ELISA value with one or both kits were further tested by immunoblotting (IB) to establish which CMV polypeptides were detected by IgM antibodies. From the results obtained, IgM‐capture ELSA seems less sensitive than indirect ELISA, but correlates better with serological evidence of active CMV infections as judged by typical IB pro

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study, normal human peripheral blood neutrophils were separated into sub‐populations by centrifugation on discontinuous Percoll density gradients and further characterized according to various functional and metabolic capabilities. Chemotaxis was measured in response to optimal concentrations (20 nM) of the chemotactic peptide N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP). According to a population ratio analysis, the majority of cells that contain the highest proportion of fast migrating cells are isolated between the densities of 1.093 and 1.096 gm/ml. Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism was also determined in neutrophil subpopulations. On initial density gradients, cells isolated from 1.084–1.087 gm/ml and incubated in the presence of exogenous [3H]AA produce 50% of the total [3H]LTB4produced in response to ionophore A23187 stimulation; whereas after prelabeling with [3H]AA for 2 hr at 37°C the cells between 1.087 and 1.093 gm/ml are the most active at both releasing [3H]AA from the cellular phospholipids and synthesizing [3H]LTB4(dpm/cell). These studies demonstrate the significant functional and metabolic heterogeneity that exists among normal neutrophil su

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe urine of 68% of melanoma patients contains a high molecular weight glycoprotein which is expressed by melanoma cells and reacts with autologous antibody. Since high levels of this antigen in urine correlate with disease recurrence in surgically treated melanoma patients, it has been termed urinary tumor‐associated antigen (U‐TAA). We report the development of a murine monoclonal IgM antibody (AD1‐40F4), which is specific for U‐TAA. AD1‐40F4 showed the same pattern of reactivity as the allo‐antibodies previously used for the detection of U‐TAA. The antigen recognized by AD1‐40F4 has a high molecular weight (590– 620 kilodaltons [kd]) and is heat stable. The AD1‐40F4‐reactive epitope is a protein. When AD1‐40F4 was applied in an enzyme immunoassay, it allowed for the detection of U‐TAA in the serum of 64% (33/52) of melanoma patients as opposed to only 5% (1/20) of normal controls. Thus, the murine monoclonal antibody AD1‐40F4, which has been specifically developed against an allogeneic antibody defined antigen, U‐TAA, appears to be important for immun

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHumoral and cellular immune responses toSalmonella typhihave been studied in nine children with typhoid fever. By using dot immunobinding assay, anti‐O‐polysaccharide chain and antilipid A antibody titers have been evaluated during the course of the disease. Anti‐O‐polysaccharide chain antibody titers are lower at the first week and increase up to the third week of the infection. On the other hand, antilipid A antibody levels, which are already higher at the beginning of the disease, progressively augment during the following weeks. Concerning cellular immunity toS. typhi, antibacterial activity mediated by typhoid peripheral mononuclear cells has been determined. Results show this function to be depressed in the initial phase of typhoid, increasing with the time. Together, these data bring new insight on immunity in typhoid p

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe have discussed the need for guidelines as a means of reducing out‐of‐hours investigations in clinical biochemistry, and suggest protocols that can be modified to suit local ne

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY