摘要:

AbstractWe measured anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) in plasma samples from 214 women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortions by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing solid phase cardiolipin (CL) and β2‐glycoprotein I (β2‐GPI). Sixteen patients (7.5%) were positive for β2‐GPI‐dependent aCL. Though β2‐GPI appeared to enhance the binding of aCL, β2‐GPI‐independent aCL were also observed in these patients (4.7%). The patients were classified into three groups on the basis of their medical history, and analysis of data of individual groups revealed that the incidence of β2‐GPI‐dependent aCL was significantly higher in patients who had experienced at least one fetal loss in the second or third trimeste

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080502

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reactivities of sera from patients with Chagas disease or from T. cruzi‐immunized rabbits with two different lipid preparations of T. cruzi were assessed using epimastigote antigens. Serum reactivities were determined using a quantitative enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antigen 1 represents the lower phase obtained from crude lipid extract after Folch partition (LCL). Antigen 2 is a highly purified glycosphingolipid fraction (GSL). The LCL antigen discriminated quite well the reactivities of Chagasic patients' sera and sera from healthy individuals, as well as between the serum from aT. cruzi‐immunized rabbit (TIRS) and normal rabbit serum (NRS). A strong reactivity with GSL was obtained with TIRS. Reactivity with GSL was also obtained with human Chagasic sera. Compared to a group of normal individuals, the reactions of antibodies directed against lipid antigens were considerably increased in sera of patients with Chagas disease. Chagasic sera did not differentiate between glycolipids with terminal β‐glucosyl or β‐galactosyl nonreducing units. They discriminated, however, glucosylceramides with differences in the ceramide structure. To determine the specificity of Chagasic sera, antibodies isolated on LCL‐immunosorbent (LCL‐Ch Abs) as well as on laminin‐immunosorbent (Lam‐Ch Abs) were tested against laminin and LCL antigens. We found that Lam‐Ch Abs reacted with murine laminin, whereas the reaction was negative with LCL. In contrast, the LCL‐Ch Abs reacted either with LCL antigens or with laminin. The reactivity with laminin was strong in comparison with LCL. Results suggest that although the glycolipids are recognized by Chagasic patients' sera, the reactive antibodies are not specific since they reacted quite well with murine laminin. Polyspecific antibodies from Chagasic sera have already been described using other unrelated antigens.

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080503

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn automated measurement of total and free hydroxyproline in serum or urine is presented that uses flow injection analysis. After exclusion of nonspecific substances, hydroxyproline was oxidized by chloramine‐ T and L‐cysteine with Ehrlich's reagent.The linearity obtained was from 3.8μmole/ L to 1.22 mmole/L with good precision (CV<3%). Comparison of the proposed method with HPLC yielded r = 0.939 as the correlation coefficient.Reference intervals of free and total hydroxyproline are 1.4–9.7 μmole/L, 3.8–27.2 μmole/L for serum, and 10.0–72.5 μmole/L, 25.2–303.6 μmole/L for urine, respectively. Serum free and total hydroxyproline levels in renal osteodystrophy patients on maintenance hemodialysis (N = 71) were significantly higher than in controls (P<0.0001). This method is superior to the use of HPLC with regard to stability of the color reaction. The measurement of serum free and total hydroxyproline is a useful marker for therapeutic observation of renal osteodystrophy patients. © 199

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080504

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe automated a two‐step kinetic procedure for determining serum CK‐MM isoform ratio using an immunoinhibition method. By measuring the total CK activity and the residual CK activity (serum CK‐MM isoform) remaining after the inhibition by tissue CK‐MM isoform specific monoclonal antibody reagent (CK‐M01) the CKMM isoform ratio is calculated using the difference between total CK and residual CK activities divided by the residual CK activity.Linearities of total CK and residual CK assays were⩽7750 U/L and 2,500 U/L, respectively; within‐run CVs of isoform ratio (N = 10) were 2.8 and 7.0% (mean 0.14 and 0.60), respectively. The MM3/MM1isoform ratio obtained with the proposed method (X) correlated well with the results of electrophoretic method (Y) according to the equation: Y = 0.98X −0.3, r = 0.988. The normal reference range of isoform ratios obtained by assaying 1,222 serum samples from healthy subjects was 0.09–0.75. The isoform ratio increased after onset of chest pain, peaking at 2–6 hr thereafter. A mean isoform ratio of 1.86 was obtained with serum sample from 86 patients diagnosed as having an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This method is accurate and highly sensitive, as the detection and early diagnosis of AMI can be completed in 10 min. ©

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080505

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractControversial data have been reported regarding the ability of peripheral blood T cells to secrete interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) from atopic patients as compared to nonatopic healthy controls. In most of these studies, T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell preparations (PBMC) were stimulated with polyclonal T cell activators. Some of these activators are able to activate cells other than T cells in the PBMC preparations which may influence the lymphokine levels in supernatants of PBMC. To evaluate this, we compared the IFN‐γ and IL‐4 levels in PBMC and isolated T cell preparations after activation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), Concanavalin A (ConA), anti‐CD3 plus phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or ionomycin plus PMA. The IFN‐γ and IL‐4 levels in the supernatants were calculated based on the percent T cells in the preparations. Whereas all activators induced significant IFN‐γ secretion, only ionomycin plus PMA stimulation induced large IL‐4 secretion. In virtually all cases, the IFN‐γ levels calculated on a per T cell basis differed for PBMC versus isolated T cells. Whereas in some donors the IFN‐γ levels were higher in PBMC preparations than in T cells, in others it was the opposite. Similarly, in about one half of both normal and atopic donors tested, the IL‐4 levels of activated PBMC were 2‐ to 7‐fold lower than levels in isolated T cells. The data suggest that non‐T cells have a significant effect on the IFN‐γ and IL‐4 levels in supernatants of polyclonally activated PBMC. This indicates that isolated T cells rather than PBMC should be analyzed for determining possible differences in the ability of T cells from patients or normals t

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080506

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAntibodies directed against soluble liver antigen (SLA), liver kidney microsomal antigen (LKM‐1‐AG), and antimitochondrial antigen M2 (M2‐AMA) are critical serological markers for the differential diagnosis of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (AI‐CAH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The exact diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and PBC is of great clinical relevance, as it leads to different therapeutic strategies.In the present work, a simple and reliable ELISA test system is described, which applies the same test principle for the detection of three different species of autoantibodies important for the diagnosis of chronic liver disease. The ELISA assays are based on a competitive inhibition of binding of positive standard antibodies by patients sera containing antibodies of unknown specificity. The purified immunoglobulins of clinically and serologically clearly defined patients with SLA or LKM‐1 positive AI‐CAH and with M2 positive PBC were used as coating‐ and detection antibodies in the ELISAs. From homogenized rat liver the fractionated 100,000g supernatant was employed for the SLA ELISA, the microsomal preparation served as antigen for the LKM‐1 ELISA and the mitochondrial preparation was used for the M2 ELISA. In 1,500 sera of patients with the differential diagnosis of a hepatobiliary disease, 17 gave a positive signal in the SLA ELISA, 12 in the LKM‐1‐ELISA, and 72 in the M2‐ELISA. The results of the ELISAs were compared with Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining pattern on cryostat sections and Hep2 cells. The antibody profiles of several patients are described in detail.

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080507

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080508

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe increase in the incidence of HIV‐1 infection in women of child bearing age has resulted in a surge in the number of cases of pediatric AIDS. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the number of cases of pediatric AIDS worldwide will be at least 10 million by the year 2000. This alarming statistic underscores the need for accurate prediction and diagnosis of pediatric HIV‐1 infection which is of paramount importance for the initiation of effective therapeutic interventions. Since circulating maternal anti‐HV‐1 antibody persists in the baby for up to 21 months, early conventional serological diagnosis of infection is not possible. Other methods for diagnosis of HIV‐1 infection in a child less than 2 years of age have been utilized including the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), measurements of the HIV‐1 p24 core protein and anti‐HIV‐1 IgA, as well in vitro measurements of antibody producing cells. In addition, the ability to predict HIV‐1 infection in the child based upon maternal humoral immune responses to the envelope glycoprotein has also been suggested. This review summarizes the recent serological, biological and molecular methodologies used to predict and diagnose pediatric HIV‐1 infection and AIDS. ©

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080509

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080510

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) is a wellcharacterized human prostate‐specific glycoprotein. PSA has been shown to be the most effective immunohistologic marker for prostate cancer, as well as the most useful serologic test in staging and monitoring prostate cancer and in early detection of recurrent disease. The greatest clinical value of PSA is as an aid for early detection of prostate cancer. Recent studies have indicated that PSA‐based screening of the older population for organ‐confined early‐stage prostate cancer is an acceptable, practical, and reliable modality. The accuracy of PSA screening is within the same range as the mammogram. The cost‐effectiveness of PSA is comparable to other cancer screening tests. Although the increase in the patient's survival due to PSA‐based detection of early prostate cancer remains to be documented, it is generally agreed that the PSA test along with digital rectal examination (DRE) should be included in the annual physical examination for men 50 years of age or older. Highrisk men are urged to commence at age 40. Asymptomatic men who have both a negative DRE and normal PSA blood test need only to continue an annual DRE and PSA check‐up. Men who have a negative DRE and elevated PSA, and all those who have a suspicious DRE regardless of PSA results, should undergo further diagnostic workup, such as transrectal ultrasonography with biopsy of visible lesions. The cure rate is high with timely treatment, when prostate cancer is detected while still confined to the prostate. © 1994

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080511

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY