摘要:

AbstractSerum pregnancy‐associated α2‐glyco‐protein (α2‐PAG) levels were evaluated in a follow‐up study of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and compared with biochemical and virological parameters. In a study of 25 patients with acute hepatitis, an association was found between high a2‐PAG values, ALT levels, and HBsAg in 20 patients (80%) (P<0.05), 18 recovered completely, and 2 had a protracted course. In five patients serum a2‐PAG levels were similar to those in the control group. On the other hand, eight (100%) chronic persistent HEW patients showed high levels of α2‐PAG (P<0.05) during the study period, and these levels correlated well with inflammatory activity and failure of HBsAg elimination. There were no significant differences in α2‐PAG values between asymptomatic HBsAg carriers and controls.Serial analysis of α2‐PAG, in correlation with viral markers, biochemical parameters, and histological data, would contribute to the ability to predict the final

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Amerlite enhanced luminescence immunoenzymometric assays (LIA) for ferritin and free T4 (FT4) have been evaluated. The LIA assay system employs a two‐site binding approach in which one antibody is coated on the interior of plastic microtiter wells and another antibody, or antigen, is tagged with horseradish peroxidase (HRPO). Signal, proportional to the amount of patient analyte, is produced when the HRPO catalyzes the oxidation of luminol resulting in light production. The light signal is increased in magnitude by the incorporation of an enhancing agent which also greatly prolongs the lifetime of the signal. Light production is monitored by an automated luminometer which uses a stored calibration curve to calculate patient results.FT4 within‐run coefficients of variation (CVs) ranged from 2.7% to‐ 6.6%; day‐to day CVs from 6% to 15.5% for three levels of control. Sensitivity is 0.03 ng/dl. T3 concentrations up to 8 ng/ml produced no cross‐reactivity. Dilutional linearity was exhibited. Lipemia and icterus produced positive interferences. Linear regression analysis of Amerlite and radioimmunoassay (RIA) FT4 values yielded the following values: Amerlite = 0.63 RIA ‐ 0.2, r = .87, n = 79.Ferritin within‐run CVs ranged from 4.9% to 10.5%; day‐to‐day CVs from 5.8‐12.5% for three levels of control. Sensitivity is less than 1 ng/ml. Recoveries ranged from 93% to 106% (av. = 99.4%). Dilutional linearity was exhibited. Lipemia caused a positive interference; hemoglobin caused a negative interference. Linear regression analysis of Amerlite and RIA ferritin values yielded the following values: Amerlite = 1.0 RIA + 11

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractT‐lymphocyte function was investigated in a group of eight patients with polycythemia vela (PV) and 13 normals. Responsiveness of T‐cells to stimulation by mitogen was significantly impaired in the PV patients (p = .02). Analysis of immune cell subpopulation composition by assessment of cell surface phenotype did not reveal imbalances that could account for impaired T‐cell proliferative ability in PV patients. Addition of recombinant human interleukin‐1 to PV mononuclear cell cultures did not enhance proliferative ability.Addition of recombinant human interleu‐kin‐2 to cultures had no effect on maximum mitogen stimulation in normals but significantly improved responses in PV patients (p<.02), correcting them to normal levels. Measurement of interleukin‐2 production by stimulated cultured mononuclear cells confirmed subnormal IL‐2 production by PV T‐cells (p<.00005). Impaired IL‐2 production could conceivably contribute to the pathogenesis of PV by limiting the ability of IL‐2‐dependent cells to

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPeripheral‐blood leukemic cells from 45 patients with peroxidase negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which did not express either myeloid or megakaryocyte‐platelet‐related cell surface antigens, were analyzed by using monoclonal antibodies capable of recognizing T‐ or B‐cell‐associated and/or T‐ or 6‐cell‐restricted antigens. Numerous subclasses of ALL, including B‐cell lineage leukemias and T‐cell lineage leukemias, were identified phenotypically and immunophenotypically in an effort to more accurately characterize the heterogeneous ALLs, their states of differentiation, and their relationships to normal B‐ and T‐lymphoid cells. Among the cases studied, only seven (15.6%) were found to have stem cell (undifferentiated) leukemia (la+, CD24+, CD9+, CD34+). It is concluded that the use of monoclonal antibodies for the characterization of heterogeneous ALLs improves the specificity of leukemia classification, which may contribute to the selection of more effective forms of therapy for the typ

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPeripheral blood samples from six cancer patients (five colon cancer, one lung cancer) and six healthy volunteers were tested in vitro for oxygen radical production by phagocytic cells and in assays of mitogen‐induced lymphoblastogenesis at physiologic and pharmacologic concentrations of pyridoxine (PN, 1.8‐96 nmol/ml) or pyridoxal (PL, 0.08‐90 nmol/ml). Plasma levels of pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP), 4‐pyridoxic acid (4PA), pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP), and PL were also determined. Phagocytic cells from three patients showed significantly increased capacity for oxygen radical production when incubated in PL‐, but not PN‐supplemented media. Oxygen burst capacity of cells from healthy subjects was significantly enhanced by PN‐, but not PL‐enriched media. Lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation showed a modest increase in cell activation in three patients as the concentration of PN was increased; with concanavalin A, two showed enhanced responsiveness. On the other hand, PL‐supplementation resulted in greater cell proliferation only with PWM. The cancer patients had significantly lower plasma PLP, 4PA, and PMP levels when compared with the healthy volunteers. These data indicate that in the cancer patients and in a majority of the healthy volunteers, vitamin 6‐6 status was marginal or deficient and suggest that increasing PN or PL in vivo levels may augment functions related

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study of anionic sites in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) from patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is described. The relationship between the deposition of IgA and the detection of glomerular extracellular components, i.e., noncollagenous (NC‐1) domain of Type IV collagen, in the glomerular capillary walls was examined by double immunofluorescence. Renal biopsy specimens from patients with IgA nephropathy were immersed in polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a cationic probe and then examined by electron microscopy. Renal specimens were also incubated with mouse monoclonal anti‐NC‐1 domain of Type IV collagen and then stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labelled goat antimouse lg antiserum. After these reactions, sections were stained with rhodamine‐labelled rabbit antihuman IgA antiserum. GBM subepithelial anionic sites marked by PEI were altered by the deposition of electron‐dense deposits (EDD) in patients with IgA nephropathy and there was a significant correlation between the levels of proteinuria and the incidence of EDD in the GBM in such patients. Marked proteinuria was observed in patients who showed loss of anionic sites in the GBM by electron microscopy. By double immunofluorescence, IgA was shown to be focally deposited outside the NC‐1 domain of Type IV collagen‐detected regions in the same patients. The authors concluded that high levels of proteinuria might be due to alterations of the size barrier and/or anionic sites of GBM in the moderate stage of

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo date, the detection of oncogene products in human neoplasms has relied primarily upon immunoblot analysis of specimen homogenates. Herein are reported the results of a study using flow cytometry to evaluate the expression of the ras p21 gene product in both fresh and cryopreserved specimens of human acute leukemias. Cell lines known to express ras p21 were used as positive controls and normal peripheral blood was used as a negative control. Intensity of staining for ras p21 (lp21) was expressed as the ratio of the peak channel numbers of the peak generated by staining with anti‐ras p21 to the peak obtained by staining with an isotype control. Using this method, 21 out of 32 clinical specimens of acute leukemia were found to express ras p21 in elevated amounts compared to normal peripheral blood. Flow cytometry appears to be a practical method for routine screening of clinical specimens for the expression of oncogene products on individual cells rather than cell homogenate

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour murine monoclonal antibodies, which were produced againstAspergillus fumigatusantigens using hybridoma technology, reacted with different antigenic components ofA. fumigarus, and in turn these antigens showed reactivity with the sera from allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). All four antibodies were of IgM isotype. These antibodies reacted against eight antigen preparations from three different strains ofA. fumigatusby enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELSA). Only two of four antibodies reacted with the antigens in crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), rocket immunoelectrophoresis, and agar gel double diffusion. In western blot analysis it was found that the antigenic components reacting with the monoclonal antibodies were mostly of the low molecular weight components ofA. fumigarusantigens. These components also showed binding to both IgG and IgE antibodies in the sera of ABPA patients, but failed to show any reactivity with sera from aspergilloma patients. Hence these antigenic components may be of diagnostic significance and can be isolated using immunoaffinity chromatograph

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the most significant achievements of the biochemist during the past two decades is the use to which immunologically based assays have been put in clinical diagnosis (Hood et al.:Immunology, 1984). The problem faced and surmounted by immunologists in effecting the transition from research tool to routine clinical assay bears a remarkable similarity to that confronting the molecular biologist today; i.e., how can nucleic acid hybridization, a technique of obvious potential (Meinkoth and Wahl:Anal Biochem138:267‐284, 1984; Syvanen:Med Biol64:313‐324, 1986; Matthews and Kricka:Anal Biochem169:l‐25, 1988), be modified in order to fulfill all necessary parameters of a routine diagnostic assay? There are several such requirements, and the importance placed on each depends on the objectives of the assay: the technique must be sensitive, specific, and reproducible. Other advantages would be cost‐effectiveness, ease of manipulation, and amenability to automation. Ideally, the signal detection should be based on a non‐radioactive system, because of the instability of probes labelled with isotopes like32p, and the potential hazards involved in their handling and disposal.The sandwich hybridization for the analysis of nucleic acid sequences was first used in 1977 (Dunn and Hassell:Cell12:23‐36, 1977), but its potential as a diagnostic assay was not realized until 1983, when it was applied to the detection of adenovirus DNA in nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with acute respiratory infection (Ranki et al:Gene21:77‐85, 1983). It has since been modified and used not only for the detection of microbial infection (Virtanen et al.:Lanceti:381‐383, 1983; Ranki et al.:Cur Top Microbiol Immunol104:307‐318, 1983; Lehtomaki et al.:J Clin Microbiol24:108‐111, 1986; Virtanen et al.:J Clin Microbiol20:1083‐1088, 1984; Palva and Ranki:Clin Lab Med5475‐490, 1985; Polsky‐Cynkin et al.:Clin Chem31:1438‐1443, 1985; Parkkinen et al.:J Med Virol20:279‐288, 1986; Palva:FEMS Microbiol Lett28%‐91, 1985; Palva et al:FEMS Microbiol Lett2333‐89,1984; Zolg et al.:Mol Biochem Parasitol22:145‐151, 1987; Palva:J Clin Microbiol18:92‐100, 1983), but also for the analysis of nucleotide sequence variations (Langdale and Malcolm: Gene 36:201‐210, 1985). We will discuss the development of the sandwich technique and the advantages it conveys over the more conventional nucleic acid hybridization formats, together with new developments which will ensure that it earns a place alongside i

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860030201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY