摘要:

AbstractEvaluation of the mouse toxicity assay symptom of hind leg paralysis (HLP) with mouse death by statistical analysis is presented in this study. The fishes assessed were herbivores includingCtenochaetus strigosus(kole),Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis, Acanthurus sandvicensis(manini), andMugil cephalus(mullet); and the carnivores,Cephalopholis argus(roi) andCheilinus rhodochrous(po'ou). The latter can also be considered an omnivore. The extracts of both herbivore and carnivore species appeared to be most toxic when HLP occurred in the mice. Ninety‐three percent of the mice with HLP died, whereas when no HLP (NHLP) occurred, only 51% of the mice died. Carnivore flesh extracts (po'ou and roi) were least toxic with one death out of a total 22 mice. The unidentified toxin associated with HLP appears to differ in biological properties from that of ciguatoxin(s) in that it was not found in the flesh tissues of carnivores. Further chemical studies of this toxin(s) is being addressed presently. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBecause the concentration of serum myoglobin (Mb) increases within 2 to 4 hours after the first sign of acute myocardial infarction, it has been proposed as an early marker of the condition. Our aim was to evaluate a new assay that provides a rapid, quantitative determination of Mb (Baxter Stratus Myoglobin) based on the radial partition technique. We compared the results obtained by this technique with those from nephelometric and radioimmunoassay methods. A significant agreement was observed, the correlation coefficients (r) being 0.999 and 0.996, respectively. The method evaluated provided good reproducibility with CVs between 3.14% and 4.87%, and its linearity and analytical sensitivity were satisfactory. The clinical evaluation of this assay demonstrates that Mb increases in serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction before total creatine kinase and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme. Mb concentration shows an early peak and earlier return to normal values after the necrosis compared to enzymatic activities. Moreover the assay is rapid and fully automated. The method is therefore considered appropriate for contributing to the early diagnosis of AMI in clinical laboratories. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to study the mechanism and origin of urine pancreatic stone protein (PSP), PSP was analyzed in the urine and sera from healthy subjects, patients with renal disease, and intensive care patients by Mono S chromatography and Western blotting. The elution patterns could be classified into three types. In control urine, a single peak of immunoreactive PSP (peak I) was identified at the position of PSP–S2–5(typeA). In three of seven patients with renal disease, another peak of urine immunoreactive PSP (peak II) was recognized at the position slower than that corresponding to that of PSP–S1(type B). In urine from one patient with diabetic nephropathy, a third peak of immunoreactive PSP (peak III) was eluted between peaks I and II (type C). In Western blotting, the bands in urine from patients with renal disease and of those in ICU mainly appeared at the positions of high‐molecular‐weight types of PSP and PSP–S2–5, respectively. These results suggest that the kidney can be another major source of urine PSP in addition to the pancreas. © 1994 W

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLong chain fatty acid fractionation has become a valuable tool in the management of patients maintained on total parenteral nutrition. While many clinicians prefer to use absolute concentrations to monitor a patient's fatty acid status, reference ranges are not available. Previous reference range studies reported values in terms of percentages only and calculated ranges parametrically. However, due to the non‐Gaussian distributions of some serum fatty acids, it is necessary to calculate reference ranges non‐parametrically. Serum from blood donors (n = 130) were collected and analyzed for total fatty acids by gas‐liquid chromatography. Results for each of the fatty acids were calculated both as a concentration and as a percentage of the total fatty acids measured. © 1994 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnti‐HIV‐1 IgG in urine was detected by an ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay) using recombinant p24gagprotein (p24) of HIV‐1 as antigen and β‐D‐galactosidase fromEscherichia colias label. Anti‐HIV‐1 IgG in urine was reacted simultaneously with 2, 4‐dinitrophenyl‐bovine serum albumin‐recombinant p24 conjugate and recombinant p24‐β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate. The complex formed, consisting of the three components, was trapped onto polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐2, 4‐dinitrophenyl group) IgG, eluted with ϵN‐2, 4‐dinitrophenyl‐L‐lysine, and transferred to polystyrene balls coated with affinity‐purified (anti‐human IgG γ‐chain) IgG. Bound γ‐D‐galactosidase activity was assayed by fluorometry. This assay was at least 3, 000‐fold more sensitive than conventional methods. The lowest signal among 49 asymptomatic carriers was 3.1‐fold higher than the highest nonspecific signal among 100 seronegative subjects. The sensitivity and specificity were both 100%. The positivity could be confirmed by preincubation of urine samples with excess of the antigen. Thus, this assay would be a powerful tool for detect

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFilter paper was used as a support to absorb micro samples of finger prick blood for detection of antibodies toEntamoeba histolytica(causative organism of amebiasis) by a rapid dipstick dot‐EIA technique; 8 μl of blood was sufficient to saturate discs (diameter 6 mm) of Whatman paper No. 3. Conditions of elution of blood from the discs were optimized and the best results were obtained when 0.4 ml of buffer was used for elution for 30 minutes at room temperature. The filter paper technique is extremely useful for field use and for diagnosis of amebic liver abscess on a large scale since it does not involve centrifugation of blood and use of sterile vials because blood dried on paper can be stored in polythene bags at room temperature for up to 3 months and for a week at 42°C without significant loss of antibody activity, thereby eliminating the need of refrigeration of samples for storage or transportation to a reference laboratory. Elution of blood from different discs of the same patient was found to be highly reproducible without appreciable loss of sensitivity or specificity. Twenty‐four confirmed ALA, 29 non‐ALA, and 25 apparently normal healthy controls, with no previous history of amebiasis, were tested. Sensitivity and specificity of the test was found to be 96% and 92%, respectively. © 1994 Wiley

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMasugi nephritis was induced in rats by the administration of nephrotoxic duck serum and, in their kidneys, the distributions of transforming growth factor‐β 1 (TGF‐β 1) mRNA, TGF‐β 1, and macrophage antigenic marker were investigated. Kidney specimens were obtained at 3, 7, and 14 days after the injection. By in situ hybridization, TGF‐β 1 mRNA was found to be localized in the cells of mesangial region from the early stage of nephritis. By the immunohistochemical stainings, TGF‐β 1 was found to be localized in the cells of distal convoluted tubulus throughout the experiments and the macrophage antigenic marker was found to be localized in the occasional cells which were different from that contained TGF‐β 1 mRNA. Our data indicate that TGF‐β 1 mRNA is expressed by the resident glomerular cells and not by the migrating macrophages in rat kidney with Masugi nephritis. ©

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe examined 28 paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens with histologic evidence of herpes virus infection by in situ hybridization (ISH) utilizing manual capillary action technology (Micro Probe Staining System) and a 21 base synthetic multibiotinylated oligonucleotide probe from the HSV glycoprotein C region. The results were compared to a rapid simple immunohistochemical (IHC) protocol for detection of HSV proteins. HSV was detected by ISH and IHC in all but one specimen which was shown to be positive for varicella zoster virus by direct fluorescent antibody studies. Hybridization signal was confined to the nucleus in all cases. Staining was identified in cells with early as well as late cytopathic effect. IHC produced intense nuclear and/or cytoplasmic signal in infected cells and stained in areas of necrosis which were otherwise spared by ISH. HSV was detected by IHC and/or ISH in 3/5 specimens with histology suggestive of, but not diagnostic for, HSV infection. Both techniques were sensitive and specific for HSV, resulted in rapid detection of the pathogen in routinely processed tissues, and may be useful in cases where the histologic impression is equivocal for HSV infection. ISH for HSV may be preferred because it can identify early HSV infection, which in turn can be treated with antiviral agents. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAIDS typically consists of three phases: (1) an acute, infectious mononucleosis‐like syndrome followed by (2) a prolonged asymptomatic stage ending in (3) the appearance of frank AIDS. The asymptomatic phase may last for years and its presence suggests a persistent conflagration between the virus and the host's immune response. There is considerable evidence that an immune response develops but the response is ultimately inadequate. From the work of others as well as our own, we have constructed a hypothesis which attempts to explain some aspects of the immune response. We propose that HIV‐1 preferentially infects a subset of CD4+lymphocytes which are then either destroyed or altered in their biological functions. Further, we suggest that this subset represents the CD4+TH1 lymphocyte population. By decreasing the quantity of IL‐2 and interferon‐gamma produced by TH1 lymphocytes, the production of cytokines by TH2 cells is increased. One of the cytokines produced by TH2 lymphocytes is IL‐10, a polypeptide with significant inhibitory properties towards lymphocytes. Sera from patients with frank AIDS have significant lymphocyte inhibitory activities some of which operate through IL‐10. Thus, a gradual shift to a TH2‐type response and release of increasing amounts of inhibitors eventually prevents the host from replacing destroyed cells or mounting new and appropriate immune responses. © 1994 W

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA novel PCR in situ protocol is described which can be implemented in one day. An initial amplification step with a single primer pair is followed by an amplification with an internal oligonucleotide probe with labeled nucleotides (dig‐dUTP). Detection is then accomplished with an antidigoxigenin antibody and substrate solution. This rapid and sensitive method may be useful in diagnosing low copy DNA in tissue specimens and cells. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of Ame

ISSN:0887-8013    

DOI:10.1002/jcla.1860080211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY