摘要:

ABSTRACTThe formation of several steroids was determined in vitro in adrenals removed from 18 female and six male fetuses of 113–115 days' gestation and in two female and two male fetuses at near term (137–143 days). Samples were incubated with14C‐acetate and the formation of labeled steroids was determined by two‐dimensional paper chromatography. Protein and corticosterone concentrations were determined by chromophore absorption and acid hydrolysis fluorescence methods, respectively. Tissue corticosterone concentrations were significantly higher in female (0.145 ± 0.010 μg/mg protein) than in male (0.083 ± 0.010 μg/mg protein) adrenal tissue at both stages, whereas corticosterone formation was similar in both sexes. Cholesterol formation was significantly higher in female (0.103 ± 0.079 μM/mg protein) than in male (0.044 ± 0.011 μM/mg protein) adrenals at both stages. Both testosterone and estradiol were synthesized at higher rates in female than in male adrenals (52% and 33%, respectively), whereas pregnanediol formation was 21% higher in the male. These results indicate that significant sex differences exist in the formation of various adrenocortical hormones by fetal tissues. The relevance of these findings to better survival of female premature newborns from respiratory distress syndrome in contrast with male, is discussed.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00106.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo cases of Müllerian aplasia associated with unilateral hypoplasia of the thumbs and skeletal spine deformities in two unrelated females are reported, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. Müllerian aplasia is frequently associated with skeletal spine deformities, but has not been reported to be associated with hypoplasia of the thumbs. Several heritable syndromes, including the hand‐foot‐uterus syndrome, are characterized by uterovaginal and distal extremity malformations but are not associated with skeletal spine anomalies. The two cases reported here represent a previously unreported constellation of anomalies.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00107.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTA one‐year follow‐up of 585 vasectomy clients sterilized at vasectomy camps in Shibpur and Shalna in rural Bangladesh showed that almost half of the clients were dissatisfied with their vasectomies. The majority of dissatisfied clients stated that their primary reasons for dissatisfaction were: (a) their ability to work had decreased and (b) they had not received all of the incentives they had been promised. However, 58% of the matched nonvasectomized controls also felt that their ability to work had decreased in the last year. Only 2%–7% of the dissatisfied clients cited decreased sexual performance as their primary reason for dissatisfaction. Satisfied vasectomy clients most frequently cited: (a) the permanence of this method of birth control and (b) the incentives they received as their reasons for satisfaction.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00108.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis study presents data on 109 women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization by tubal rings at the Calcutta Medical Research Institute and Hospital. The average operating time was 15 minutes and the average stay in the recovery room was 4 hours. The ovarall complication rate was 18%, including surgical and early postoperative complications. All patients returned for follow‐up. Long‐term follow‐up will be required to determine the rates of delayed complications and the efficacy of the procedure.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00109.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe bacteriologic study of the cervical flora in 50 healthy women revealed that 70% harbored mixed aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Aerobic organisms alone were recovered in 15 women (30%). Polymicrobial organisms were found in all but five women (in these only one aerobe was isolated per patient). The majority of patients had 1–2 anaerobes, with more than two aerobes. The common aerobes were α‐hemolytic streptococci,Staphylococcus epidermidisand lactobacilli. The most common anaerobes werePeptococcus asaccharolyticusisolated in 21 women (42%),P prevotiiin 13 (26%) andBacteroidesin 10 (20%). These organisms are frequently found in pelvic infection, suggesting the pathogenic potential of the normal flora of the cervix.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00110.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00111.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis report gives the preliminary results of a pretest cosponsored by the International Fertility Research Program and the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. It includes data on 33 116 deliveries in 20 maternity centers in Latin America, Europe, Africa and Asia. The findings are organized around four themes: (a) family formation and reproductive history, (b) family health, (c) management of this delivery and (d) desired family size and family planning practices.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00112.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe International Fertility Research Program, in cooperation with the Government of Colombia, drew a random sample of urban hospitals in which obstetric deliveries take place. Data were collected on a sample of the deliveries. Hospitals were divided into six types: university, university maternity, social security and three sizes of general hospitals. These groups of hospitals are compared with respect to the proportion of high‐risk patients admitted, intervention rates and perinatal mortality rates.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00113.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFive hundred twenty‐one tubectomy clients from two health centers and one sterilization camp were interviewed 1–4 years after their tubectomies to determine: (a) demographic characteristics, (b) reasons for selecting tubectomy and (c) long‐term satisfaction. Essentially no differences in demographic characteristics or long‐term satisfaction were observed between urban and rural clients or by the type of center where the tubectomies were performed. Means ages of the clients were 31–32 years; mean parity was 7. Fifty‐four percent of the rural and 85% of the urban patients had used contraceptives before tubectomy. Ninety‐five percent or more of the patients stated that they were satisfied with the tubectomy.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00114.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTOne hundred one patients originally diagnosed as having rheumatic heart disease (RHD) during the years 1945–1948 were reevaluated in 1975 to determine the natural history of the disease. Twenty patients (19.8%) showed no sign of RHD. Of the patients with confirmed RHD, 56 (70.0%) had their original lesion confirmed, while 23 (28.8%) had developed additional valvular involvement. Pure mitral stenosis resulted in significantly lower mortality than all other valvular lesions, and congestive heart failure was the leading cause of death. Nineteen patients underwent cardiac surgery; the mortality in this group (52.6%) was not significantly higher than that in the overall RHD group (38.8%). False diagnosis of RHD during pregnancy is common. A more thorough evaluation of the “cardiac murmur of pregnancy” is advocated.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1979.tb00115.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY