摘要:

ABSTRACTIn the Howrah District in India, three clinics—one in each of the urban, slum, and rural areas of the city—were initiated by the Humanity Association of Howrah in November of 1968 to supply oral contraceptives (OCs) to women from 15 to 45 years of age. The project was discontinued in September, 1972. Of the 1700 patients still active when the project ended, 1 527 were contacted for the follow‐up survey. Findings indicate that most women in this district were satisfied with OCs and would continue to use them if they were available. In corroboration of this, it was found that 43% of the women had used OCs obtained from other sources after the project was discontinued. While 35.5% of the women who used no contraceptive method after the project ended reported becoming pregnant or suspected that they were pregnant at the time of the interview, only 4.2% of those who reported using some form of contraception reported pregnancy or suspected pregnancy. The demographic impact of the project will be evaluated on the basis of data to be obtained in a subsequent survey of the same communities.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1976.tb00594.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe safety and effectiveness of flexible and nonflexible plastic cannulae used in vacuum aspiration abortion for patients at 6 to 12 weeks' gestation were evaluated in a study of 1 100 physically healthy women in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. To minimize study biases, each type of cannulae was randomly assigned to 550 patients. To minimize evaluator bias, a second physician who was kept unaware of which cannula was used for a particular patient was responsible for evaluating patients after the procedures. Both groups of patients were similar with respect to age, parity, marital status, formal education and gestational age. Higher rates of retained tissue and cannula obstruction were obtained with the flexible cannula. The two types of cannulae were not significantly different with respect to the other criteria of evaluation.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1976.tb00595.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTFrom four centers in Isfahan, data from 252 insertions of the Cu‐T‐200 made by midwives and 646 insertions of the same device made by doctors are compared. Although the net cumulative one‐year continuation rate for women who had a copper‐T inserted by a midwife is significantly lower than for women who had a copper‐T inserted by a doctor there are no significant differences between the one‐year event rates for the two groups of patients. These data suggest that an expanded role for midwives in IUD insertion programs would be an efficient use of health personnel.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1976.tb00596.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTNumerous sero‐epidemiologic studies have noted an association between Herpes Type 2 (HT‐2) virus and carcinoma of the cervix. In a study to evaluate the role of this virus, if any, on the etiology of extra cervical pelvic malignancies in Ibadan, the prevalence of HT‐2 virus antibodies was found not to be significantly different in patients with extra cervical pelvic malignancies (carcinoma of the vulva and malignant trophoblastic disease) and cases of chronic cervicitis when compared with healthy controls. It was therefore concluded that no association could be found between HT‐2 virus and extra cervical pelvic malignancies.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1976.tb00597.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTen milligrams of diazepam were injected intra‐amniotically in 8 mothers prior to therapeutic abortion by hysterotomy. Duration of pregnancy varied between 12 and 19 weeks. The diazepam concentrations in the maternal plasma were comparable to those found after the same intramuscular diazepam dose to the mother. The concentration of diazepam in the amniotic fluid 12 to 18 hours after the injection was no longer significantly higher than in the maternal plasma. The concentrations of diazepam in the fetal plasma, liver and brain were comparable to the concentrations resulting from a 10 mg intramuscular diazepam dose to the mother about 2 hours before legal abortion. The feto‐maternal ratio of diazepam was of same magnitude as after the intramuscular application to the mother. The results indicate that the disappearance of diazepam from the amniotic fluid in this stage of pregnancy occurs extraplacentally, through the membranes into the uterine circulation. In the treatment of a fetus with drugs having properties similar to diazepam, intra‐amniotic administration is no better than intramuscular administration to the mother.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1976.tb00598.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the increased demand for sterilization by women who have achieved their desired family size has emphasized the need to improve both existing methods of tubal occlusion and the means of access to the Fallopian tubes. Utilization of diagnostic instruments such as the laparoscope and culdoscope to perform sterilization minimizes the trauma associated with standard laparotomy and colpotomy and promises to reduce morbidity occurring as a result of sterilization. In order to evaluate and compare the improved techniques of laparoscopy and culdoscopy for elective interval sterilization, 722 women were studied between January and August of 1973 at the Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok. For 279 patients (Group I), sterilization was performed by culdoscopic tubal ligation using a modified Pomeroy technique; for 443 patients (Group II), the procedure used was laparoscopic tubal cauterization and cutting. All procedures were performed using local anesthesia on an outpatient basis. Complication rates and required surgical time were similar for both procedures and compared favorably with rates reported by other investigators. Because of a low incidence of complications and the elimination of the need for general anesthesia and hospitalization, both endoscopic procedures appear to be of particular value in developing countries where hospital facilities and physician time are in short supply.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1976.tb00599.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe diagnostic difficulties and treatment failures of Burkitt's lymphoma manifesting during lactation are presented. All 5 cases presented as breast swelling, mimicking mastitis carcinomatosa; those patients actively lactating had fulminant disease, fatal within a few weeks. There was widespread involvement of internal organs. The importance of early correct diagnosis was emphasized and clinicians are alerted to the possibility of Burkitt's lymphoma occurring during lactation without jaw or abdominal presentation. Whether the fulminant manifestation of Burkitt's lymphoma occurring during lactation was coincidental or not, the possibility exists that a favorable milieu for the tumour growth might have been produced or the body immune mechanism lowered.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1976.tb00600.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPolycystic ovarian disease has been recognised for quite a long time, although its presentations have varied from place to place. In a report of cases of polycystic ovaries seen in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, over a six‐year period, it was shown that the syndrome of Stein‐Leventhal identifies only a very small and probably artificial fraction of the much larger number of patients who actually have polycystic ovarian disease. It was further shown that the benefit derived from wedge resection in our cases was marked. Of the cases that were subsequently seen at follow‐up, there was restoration of regular ovulatory menstrual flow in 83.3% and achievement of pregnancy in 33.3%. Hence, the observation that wedge resection is beneficial, and at times curative in polycystic ovarian disease seems to have a sound foundation.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1976.tb00601.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThree cases of cervical pregnancy are reported and the literature is reviewed. The incidence is found to be increasing and it was felt to be related to the increasing number of legal or therapeutic abortions, or other surgical procedures on the cervix and endometrial cavity, resulting in unsuitable endometrium for implantation of a fertilized ovum.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1976.tb00602.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCase report of tubo‐ovarian abscess due to Actinomyces israeli is presented with revision of the literature with regard to pathogenesis, diagnostic difficulties and treatment. Diagnosis was established by culturing the organism from exudate obtained during surgery. The pathogenesis of pelvic actinomycosis is still controversial. Penetration of the GI tract with subsequent infection of the pelvic viscera seems to be the most likely mode of infection. Penicillin has an important role in the treatment of this disease. It does not cure, but retards the course of the infection. Surgical extirpation of infected tissue in combination with penicillin offers the best therapeutic results. When chronic pelvic inflammatory disease does not respond to therapy, when the sedimentation rate remains high, and the patient's general debility is progressive, an actinomycotic infection should be suspected.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1976.tb00603.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY