ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1977.tb00655.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe authors present a continuation of the thesis suggesting that the most rational procedure for regulating fertility is a perfectly safe, even though not completely effective, contraceptive method combined with safe methods for terminating pregnancy when the contraceptive fails. This analysis demonstrates that, compared with the risk of death from pregnancy and childbirth, major reversible methods of fertility control—the pill, IUDs, condoms, and diaphragms—and abortion are associated with very low levels of mortality. The exception to this statement is pill use after age 40 by women who smoke. This analysis also confirms the very low mortality associated with using the condom and diaphragm with early induced abortion as a backup to terminate pregnancies resulting from contraceptive failures.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1977.tb00656.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe need to provide medical supervision in contraceptive services is reviewed in the context of the situation existing in developing nations. The author contends that less rather than more medical supervision can be justified if one compares the relatively low incidence of complications from modern contraception with the inordinately high maternal death rates from pregnancy and its complications in these same countries.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1977.tb00657.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTBy law, medical devices with a potential hazard to health or safety are now subject to the same premarket approval and scientific review processes as drugs. Manufacturers of intrauterine contraceptive devices and new instruments or devices for surgical sterilization will be required to present evidence of their products' effectiveness and safety to a United States Food and Drug Administration advisory panel made up of physicians and scientists from outside the agency. Hazards previously experienced with contraceptive devices and requirements for testing new devices are described.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1977.tb00658.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis review of 20 years of medical literature on the occurrence of congenital defects among offspring of women who ingested “progestational” or contraceptive hormones during pregnancy emphasizes the need for additional studies with carefully selected control groups. Other problems encountered in interpreting the existing literature, including the use of imprecise definitions, confusing nomenclature and inadequate clinical information, are also discussed.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1977.tb00659.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTMenstrual cycle lengths prior to and after oral contraceptive use were prospectively recorded for 245 women. In this preliminary study, a difference in the distributions in the pre‐ and post‐pill cycle lengths was observed. An increase of 5 days in the median cycle length occurred after oral contraceptive use had been discontinued. Although there was an approximately twofold relative risk of amenorrhea of 90 days' duration or more after discontinuing pill use, the differences in the rates of amenorrhea between the pre‐pill and post‐pill cycles were not statistically significant.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1977.tb00660.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTPost‐pill amenorrhea, a relatively rare but important sequela of oral contraceptive use, is often accompanied by galactorrhea. A review of women with post‐pill amenorrhea‐galactorrhea (PPAG) showed that it has more than one cause. Clinical and laboratory methods of evaluation are reviewed, and appropriate methods of treatment are suggested.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1977.tb00661.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe author reviews the present state of use, risks, and side effects associated with postcoital hormonal contraceptives. Data pertaining to various regimens of postcoital hormonal contraception are presented.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1977.tb00662.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTData on 78 cases of benign hepatic neoplasia among women with a history of oral contraceptive (OC) use are analyzed. Data for the study were collected by the Liver Tumor Registry of the University of California Irvine Medical Center. Factors considered in the analyses include the patient's age and duration of OC therapy, histopathology of the tumors, and their symptoms, findings, and prognosis. The pathogenesis and treatment of the tumors are also discussed.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1977.tb00663.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWomen with long‐term use of oral contraception (OC) are at increased risk of developing a serious, though nonmalignant, liver tumor—hepatocellular adenoma (HCA)—according to a case‐control study conducted by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in collaboration with the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). The tumor is sometimes fatal, deaths usually being due to sudden rupture and hemorrhage. This study suggests that, in addition to long‐term OC use, a woman's age and the hormonal potency of the OC she uses affect her chances of developing HCA. Women 27 years old and older who have used OC with high hormonal potency for 7 or more years are at the greatest risk.

ISSN:0020-6695    

DOI:10.1002/j.1879-3479.1977.tb00664.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:2016

数据来源: WILEY