摘要:

In a winter roost of several hundreds of thousands of BramblingsFringilla montifringilla, the composition of birds roosting at the periphery and of birds flying into the centre of the roost was studied regarding sex, age, size and body‐mass. At the periphery of the roost, more females were present than in the centre, and their proportion increased with decreasing density at the periphery. No significant difference in age classes was found between centre and periphery, but adults flew into the roost later than first year birds. Within sex‐age classes, birds in the centre were heavier but not larger than birds at the periphery. The difference in body‐mass between centre and periphery was more pronounced in small than in large birds within each sex‐age class.Because strong competition for particular positions within the roost was observed, it is inferred that the quality of roosting positions varied and that females and/or light birds were displaced toward the periphery. Predation and microclimate are discussed as possible reasons for the variation in the quality of roosting positions and for the lower energy reserves of birds roosting at the pe

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02813.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mixed‐species flocks of forest living birds were investigated in a rainforest at Perinet/ Analamazaotra (Andasibe), Madagascar. Most insectivorous birds in the area participated in mixed‐species flocks. Flocks were composed of foliage gleaners, foliage‐branch gleaners, trunk gleaners and flycatchers. Species whose foraging techniques and foraging locations in vegetation were similar were different from each other in foraging heights. The nuclear species often occurred in small conspecific flocks in and out of mixed‐species

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02814.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Commensal ‘beating’ associations in which one party exploits prey disturbed by the other seem to be fairly common in terrestrial habitats (e.g. Dean and MacDonald 1981). Most such commensal relations appear to be opportunistic phenomena, rather than regularly occurring associations with possible fitness effects for the commensal, but few of them have been studied in detail. Exceptions are a few apparently very regular associations, for example those between birds and army ants (e.g. Willis 1966, Willis&Oniki 1978), between anisCrotophagaspp and cattle (Rand 1953, Smith 1971) and, especially, between Cattle EgretsBubulcus ibisand large herbivorous mammals (for references, see Kushlan 1978). In the latter two cases, clear advantages in the form of higher food intake rates have been demonstrated for individuals foraging commensally (Rand 1953, Heatwole 1965, Smith 1971, Dinsmore 1973, Grubb 1976, Burger&Gochfeld 19

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02815.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Bateson, P.P.G (ed.). 1991. The Development and Integration of Behaviour. Essays in honour of Robert Hinde.Brucker, J.W., Gosler, A.G.&Heryet, A.R. (eds). 1992. Birds of Oxfordshire.Dubs, B. 1992. Birds of Southwestern Brazil. Catalogue and guide to the birds of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso and its border areas.Jonsson, L.&Tysse, T. 1992. Lommar.Lundberg, A.&R.V. Alatalo. 1992. The Pied Flycatcher.Marzluff, J.M.&Balda, R.P. 1992. The Pinyon Jay: behavioral ecology of a colonial and cooperative corvid.Nason, A. 1992. Discovering Birds: an introduction to the birds of Nigeria.Parmelee, D.F. 1992. Antarctic Birds: ecological and behavioral approaches.Power, D.M. (ed.) 1991. Current Ornithology.Simms, E. 1992. British Larks, Pipits&Wagtails.

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02817.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02818.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books Reviewed in this article:Barker, R.D.&Vestjens, W.J.M. 1991. The Food of Australian Birds.Beatty, J. 1992. Sula: the seabird hunters of Lewis.Bruun, B., Delin, H.&Svensson, L. 1992. Birds of Britain and Europe.Cowell. S. Adatia, R.&Gibson. B. 1992. Who's Who in the Environment—England.Dimentman, C., Bromley. H.J.&Por, F.D. 1992. Lake Hula: reconstruction of the fauna and hydrobiology of a lost lake.Eagle, R. 1991. Seton Gordon, the Life and Times of a Highland Gentleman.Ford. E. 1992. Falconry: art and practice.Foschi, U.F.&Gellini, S. 1992. Avifauna e Ambiente in Provincia di Fork le comunita di uccelli come indicatori ecologici.Guest, J.P. Elphick, D., Hunter. J.S.A.&Norman. D. 1992. The Breeding Bird Atlas of Cheshire and Wirral.Hayes, L.B.&Hayes, M.L. 1987. Raising Game Birds.Hayes, L. B. 1992. The Chinese Painted Quail, ‘the Button Quail’: their breeding and careHollands, D. 1991. Birds of the Night, Owls, Frogmouths and Nightjars of Australia.Ironmonger. J. 1992. The Good Zoo Guide.Kiew, R. (ed.) 1991. the State of Nature Conservation in Malaysia.LaBastille, A. 1990. Mama Poc: an ecologist's account of the extinction of a species.Lambert, M. 1992. Birds by Colour.Layton. L. 1991. Songbirds in Singapore: the growth of a pastime.Liversidge, R. 1991. The Birds around Us.Love, J.A. 1989. Eagles.Mellanby, K. 1992. The DDT Story. Pp. 112. Farnham: British Crop Protection Council.Newman, K., Johnston‐Stewart, N.&Medland, B. 1992. Birds of Malawi. A supplement to Newman's Birds of Southern Africa.Ogilvie, M. 1992. The Birds of Islay: including when and where to find them.Orr, O.H. 1992. Saving American Birds: T. Gilbert Pearson and the founding movement of the Audubon Society.OrtizCrespo, F., Greenfield, P.J.&Matheus, J.C. 1990. Aves del Ecuador Continente y Archipielago de Galápagos/Birds of EcuadorPaine, J.R.&World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1991. IUCN Directory of Protected Areas in Oceania.Petersen, M.R., Weir, D.N.&Dick, M.H. 1991. Birds of Kilbuck and Ahklun Mountain Region, Alaska.Riddle, G. 1991. Seasons with the Kestrel.Simpson, M.B., Jr. 1992. Birds of the Blue Ridge Mountains.Stallcup, R. 1990. Ocean Birds of the Nearshore Pacific.Strange, I.J. 1992. A Field Guide to the Wildlife of the Falkland Islands and South Georgia.Trollope, J. 1992. Seed‐eating Birds, Their Care and Breeding: finches and allied species—doves, quail and hemipodes.Village, A. 1

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02819.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02820.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02821.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY