摘要:

SummaryThe breeding season ofP. domesticusin 1961 and from 1963 to 1964. at Oxford began in April and ended in early August; that ofP. montunusbegan slightly later and ended slightly earlier and this species also laid fewer clutches. InP. domesticuslaying birds fell into two groups, namely “early‐” and “late‐starters”, which, from a comparison with data obtained from birds of known age, appeared to be mostly females two or more years old, and females one year old, respectively. InP. montanus, however, it appeared that birds of all ages were beginning breeding at about the same time in the season. The laying of first clutches of the early‐starting birds ofP. domesticusand of the earlier starting members of the one group ofP. montanuswas correlated with the prevailing air temperature; it is estimated thatP. domesticusbegan its laying at slightly lower air temperatures thanP. montunus. It is suggested that laying is adapted to begin at a particular air temperature because at lower temperatures the adult would have insufficient energy available to produce and incu

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1968.tb00437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe maintenance activities ofLoriculus galgulusandL. vernalisare described and discussed, and compared with the behaviour of the parrots of the genusAgapornis. Maintenance activities reveal some adaptations to the genus‐typical habit of resting and sleeping upside‐down. A peculiar defaecation posture ensures that the plumage of hanging birds is not soiled.L. galgulusholds food either in the foot or in the bill, butL. vernalisseems not to use the foot in feeding:there is much regurgitation and remastication of food.Scratching is indirect, as in theAgapornisspecies, though the foot is brought directly to the bill to be preened.Loriculusis more ready to bathe in standing water than isAgapornis, actually entering the water, and not merely splashing from the edge. There is some evidence thatL. galgulusrain‐bathes hanging upside down, as doesA. cana.Agonistic behaviour is highly ritualized inLoriculus:some actions are identical with those of the more primitive species ofAgapornis. Threat displays are described: the so‐called Super Threat Display combines all agonistic actions in one. There are three appeasement displays.Group upside‐down pseudo‐sleeping as a response to the appearance of potential predators is frequent in both species: it is not certain if this is a displacement reaction or a normal escape reaction to the safety of an inaccessible refuge.Little is known about reproductive behaviour in captivity and even less about behaviour in the wild. Pair formation appears to occur late in the period of attaining maturity, and to be initiated and maintained by courtship feeding: homosexual pairing is not unusual n flocks of captive birds. Of the courtship displays, one‐Strutting‐seems to be common to several Loriculus species.Cutting of nest material is an activity of both male and female Loriculus. A maturing or learning process is seen in the cutting of little “bits” by inexperienced and immature birds, and by the cutting of straight or arcuate strips by those more experienced. In Loriculus galgulus, females were seen to tuck strips of nesting material in the throat and breast feathers, though they have been reported to tuck material into the rump feathers also: L. oernalis females tucked arcuate strips among the rump feathers only. Both male and female L. galgulus and L. vernalis investi‐ gated nest boxes, but none actually nested.This study in general reinforces the ideas about the relationship of the genera Loriculus and Agapornis but more data on other Loriculus species are needed. At this stage of investigation it appears that both L. galgulus and L. oernalis are behaviourally closest to the more primitive species of Agapornis, namely, cana,

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1968.tb00438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA short account of the geography of Sabah, North Borneo, is followed by a survey of the main habitats and bird communities. The greater part of the paper is devoted to a check‐list of the birds of Sabah, which incorporates information collected since the standard work on Borneo by Smythies (1960). 504 species belonging to 65 families have been recorde

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1968.tb00439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1968.tb00440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1968.tb00441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1968.tb00442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1968.tb00443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1968.tb00444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1968.tb00445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Bannerman, D. A.&Bannerman, W. M. 1966. Birds of the Atlantic Islands.Condry, W. 1967. Birds and wild Africa.Delacour, J. 1966. Guide des Oiseaux de la Nouvelle‐Calédonie et de ses Dépendances.Eastwood, E. 1967. Radar ornithology.George, J. C.&Berger, A. J. 1966. Avian myology.Gillham, M. E. 1967. Sub‐Antarctic sanctuary.Heathcote, A., Griffin, D.&Salmon, H. M. (Eds). 1967. The Birds of Glamorgan.Johnson, A. W. 1967. The Birds of Chile and adjacent regions of Argentine, Bolivia and Peru.Koepckb, H‐W.&M. 1963. Las Aves silvestrcs de importancia económica del Perú.McNulty, F. 1967. The Whooping Crane.Mills, D. H. 1965. The distribution and food of the Cormorant in Scottish inland waters.Romanoff, A. L.&Romanoff, A. J. 1967. Biochemistry of the Avian Embryo.Scheithauer, W. 1967. Hummingbirds.Serventy, D. L.&Whittell, H. M. 1967. Birds of Western Australia. 4th ed.Skead, C. J. 1967. The Sunbirds of Southern Africa, also the Sugarbirds, the White‐eyes, and the Spotted Creeper.Also received:BEEBE, C. W. 1965. The Bird: its Form and Function.Also received:DEKEYSER, P. L.&DERIVOT, J. H. 1966. Les Oiseaux de 1'Oue

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1968.tb00447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY