摘要:

Summary.Australian records, beginning in 1866, of birds associating with aggressive insects for nesting purposes are assembled. Five species of the genusGerygoneare known to associate with wasps, more or less consistently, in tropical areas, and another species is reported as associating with wasps in the tropics and ants in temperate areas. Such birds deliberately seek the society of the insects, by which they are recognized and tolerated.If protection is the motive, it would seem to be aimed against reptiles rather than against other birds or mammals. Other possible reasons for the practice ate suggested.Australian records of insects frequenting birds' nests also are summarized; these include parasites such as the blood‐sucking larvae of a fly, together with moth, beetle and fly larvae that serve a beneficial purpose as scavengers, and, in addition, wasps and beetles parasitic on the other insects. On the question of how the insects find the nests at appropriate times, it is suggested that some are guided by odour and others by some undetermined influenc

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1952.tb01841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1952.tb01842.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1 The habits of the Black Crow in Eastern Cape Province are described. Resident pairs are strongly territorial, but roving flocks feed over wide areas.2 Main breeding season is from August to November.3 Incubation period about 18 days, both parents sharing incubation.4 Nestling period about 38 days, both parents feeding young.5 Diet is very varied,e.g. vegetable matter, including seeds, fruits and bulbs; insect matter, especially dung‐beetles; vertebrates, such as amphibia and small chickens. Indigestible matter is regurgitated

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1952.tb01843.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1952.tb01844.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1 A method is described for transcribing the song of the ChaffinchFringilla coelebs, based on a division into two parts, thetrilland the terminal flourish orphrase.2 Songs from five separate localities—Pico in the Azores, the Seine Valley in N.W. France, the Thames Valley, N. Lancashire and the Scottish Highlands—are distinguished on the number and arrangement of note sequences, in the trill, and of notes, in the phrase.3 Fourteen distinct types of trill were discovered and forty‐five types of phrase.4 It is shown that both the trill and, more particularly, the phrase are highly variable even within one locality.5 The numbers of possible phrase types which might be recorded by this method are calculated, and it is shown that most of these up to three notes have been discovered, that further investigation will quickly reveal more 4‐note and 5‐note types, but that the discovery of 6‐note and 7‐note types will be slow because of their comparative rarity.6 It emerges that some song types are much more common than others. Trills of two or three sequences of descending pitch make up 83 per cent of the results and none of the other twelve types exceeds 3 per cent of the total.7 In the phrase from 0 to 7 notes may be used, but those with 3–5 notes are most frequent. There is evidence for a preference for certain patterns within each number‐class.8 It is shown statistically that geographical variation of song between the separate regions occurs and that the songs characteristic of any one area can only be described in statistical terms. The suggested existence of song types confined and exclusive to a particular region cannot be substantiated, although this condition is approached in one case.9 From a comparison with data from Russia, it appears that the trills are similar to the Western European forms, but that the range of notes in the phrase is lower and that the mean number of notes per phrase is lower—1.99 as compared with 2.91.10 The song variants are distributed as dialects, and it is shown that the formation of these can be understood in the light of work on song inheritance.11 It is inferred from its phenotypic nature that the geographical variation of the Chaffinch song cannot still be regar

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1952.tb01845.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1 Two expeditions were made to the forests of North‐West Africa in January‐February 1950 and April‐June 1951.2 The mountains and forests are described. The discontinuity of the forests and the dry area of Western Algeria, where the forests are thin, are of particular importance in the distribution of the woodland birds.3 It is shown that there is a close correlation between the rainfall of the different patches of forest and the number of species of resident woodland birds occurring in them.4 An account is given of the bird populations of the different types of forest, as found by the writer in winter and spring.5 The breeding seasons of the three Titmice in different habitats are summarized. There are differences of up to a month between the breeding seasons in different localities, but the order in which the three species breed is the same.6 An annotated list is given of all the species obsened.R. regulusis added to the N

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1952.tb01846.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Perusal of Brisson's ‘Ornithologie’, Pierre Poivre's autobiography and this traveller's publications induced the writer to concern himself with the type localities of Brisson's new Oriental birds. Those accepted by previous authors proved to be wrong in a number of cases. On the strength of the actual type localities the current names of some well‐known birds will have to be changed. The following names are affected: —Eurystomus orientalis(L.),Eclectus pectoralis(St. Müller),Saxicola borbonensisW. Sclater,Lalage nigra(Forster),Ducula aenea(L.),Cinnyris asiatica(Latham),Pelargopsis capemis(L.) andPsittacula krameri echo

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1952.tb01847.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1952.tb01848.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1952.tb01849.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0019-1019    

DOI:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1952.tb01850.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1952

数据来源: WILEY