ISSN:1059-910X    

DOI:10.1002/jemt.1070290302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCholinergic modulation of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons evokes a variety of neuronal and behavioural effects. In an attempt to understand the LC cholinergic circuit, several markers has been investigated and compared. (Immuno)‐histochemical and autoradiographic methods have been used on rat, rabbit, and pig tissue. To identify the boundaries of the LC in each of these species, sections through the entire brainstem have been stained for tyrosine hydroxylase. The results that the pig does not possess a LC proper that conforms to the accepted features of this cell group. However, in this location fusiform cells reminiscent of LC interneurons are still present. This group of fusiform neurons has been named thenucleus angularis grisea periventricularis(NAGP).LC cells of the rat and rabbit show strong acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In the pig the NAGP is markedly free from AChE staining. Muscarinic binding sites are densely distributed over the rabbit LC and adjacent region. The rat and rabbit LC neurons synthesise both muscarinic (mAChR) and nicotinic receptor protein (nAChR). In the pig NAGP region mAChR and nAChR positive cell bodies are almost absent, while some nAChR immunoreactive dendrites are present. The light microscopic data in the rabbit have been confirmed by electron microscopic analysis.It is concluded that the general concept of a noradrenergic LC that is present throughout mammals is questionable. At present, choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive terminals that closely correspond to the other cholinergic components in the rat or rabbit LC have not been observed. However, in these species the cholinergic sensitivity of LC cells is mediated via both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors on somata and dendrites. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:1059-910X    

DOI:10.1002/jemt.1070290303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1059-910X    

DOI:10.1002/jemt.1070290304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn previous experiments, we have shown that antidepressants such as desipramine (DMI) can induce axonal regeneration of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons. In this article, we suggest that phospholipase A2 is involved in the molecular mechanism of the antidepressant‐induced regeneration of brain noradrenergic axons. The effects of the PLA2 inhibitors, mepacrine (MEP) or 4‐bromphenacyl bromide (BPB), upon the DMI‐induced regeneration of noradrenergic axons in the rat cerebral cortex were assessed by either histofluorescence or immunohistochemistry using an antibody to dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase. Symmetrical sites of the frontal cortex in both hemispheres were pretreated with 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA). Then, the same cortical site of one hemisphere was infused with DMI by means of osmotic minipumps for more than 2 weeks, while the corresponding cortical site of the other hemisphere was infused with DMI plus MEP or BPB. It was found that the PLA2 inhibitors could attenuate the DMI‐induced regeneration of noradrenergic axons. Thus, if axonal retraction or degeneration of brain noradrenergic neurons is involved in the pathogenesis of clinical depression, elucidating the malfunction of the PLA2 systems may provide substantial evidence to aid in our understanding of the cause of depression at the molecular level. © 1994

ISSN:1059-910X    

DOI:10.1002/jemt.1070290305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDopaminergic innervation of the rat locus coeruleus (LC) was immunohistochemically studied by using monoclonal antibody directed against dopamine (DA) at the light‐ and electron‐microscopic levels. A dense plexus of DA‐immunoreactive (IR) varicose fibers was found not only in the cell body area of the LC but also in the dendritic area. Three hundred and forty DA‐IR terminal boutons were observed. They were distributed in a wide range of diameters of 0.1–1.8 μm but most of them were large (mean value: 0.98 μm). Sixty‐nine percent formed an asymmetric synapse. There were many axo‐spinous connections. Small dendrites less than 0.3 μm in diameter displaying synaptic specialization were mostly dendritic spines (75%). Most of the target dendrites seemed to be noradrenergic in nature. It is suggested that dopaminergic innervation may play a powerful role in control mechanisms of activity of NA‐containing neurons of the LC. © 1

ISSN:1059-910X    

DOI:10.1002/jemt.1070290306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1059-910X    

DOI:10.1002/jemt.1070290307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1059-910X    

DOI:10.1002/jemt.1070290308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe target antigens of specific immunoglobulins G, M, A, and E from patients with acquired acute toxoplasmosis were determined using immunocytochemistry. The relative repartition of these antigens in four cellular compartments ofToxoplasma(membrane complex, apical area, rhoptries, and dense granules) was quantitatively evaluated. Rhoptry antigens mainly react positively with IgA. Membrane, submenbrane area (membrane complex), and rhoptry antigens are immunodominant for IgA and IgM. Apical area antigens are recognized by IgM two times more than IgG and IgA. IgE recognized only rhoptry antigens.The localization of pathogenetically antigenic components and their identification by the immune system appeared to be of importance for selection of immunodominant or recombinant antigens. Such localization would improve laboratory diagnosis of serious congenital toxoplasmosis or in immunocompromised patients with toxoplasmic complications after cyst reactivation. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:1059-910X    

DOI:10.1002/jemt.1070290309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAt present, the stereological assessment of histological sections is made possible by the use of manual counting techniques which estimate measurement parameters. These methods are tedious, time‐consuming, and subject to operator error. This paper describes a UNIX‐based computer program, OpenStereo, which was developed to facilitate the quantitative investigation of innervation and vascularity from histological sections. We designed OpenStereo to reduce operator error and increase the efficiency of stereological point counting for volume estimation and intercept counting for surface area analysis. The program was written in the C language for the SunTMWorkstation and uses the XView graphics user interface. Digital images, obtained by a variety of modalities, may be processed using stereological point counting, interceptions, planimetry, or thresholding techniques. The program displays selected images in a random fashion for analysis or processing and records the number of manually selected points or interceptions. Delineation of the reference space provides the computer with the data necessary to calculate volume or surface densities. The efficiency of OpenStereo was demonstrated by performing a pilot study on the quantification of innervation in the normal human colon and ileum. This stereological package benefits from the features of the X‐windowing environment and has proved to be suitable for what has hitherto been a tedious and time‐consuming task. © 1994 Wiley

ISSN:1059-910X    

DOI:10.1002/jemt.1070290310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analytical result is given for the wavelength at which two or more first order Laue zone (FOLZ) lines intersect at a single point on the positive x axis when a face centred cubic crystal is observed in the convergent beam mode with the beam axis parallel to the [001] direction. The position of the intersection along the x axis is also given. The method uses the kinematic approximation of electronic diffraction and the exact hyperbolic form of the FOLZ lines, so that the accuracy is good even for lines that intersect at small angles. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:1059-910X    

DOI:10.1002/jemt.1070290311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY