ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of general anxiety measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), or the Spielberger Trait Anxiety scale, (STAI‐T) on dental anxiety (measured by the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale, the Kent Phobia Scale and by analogue ratings concerning specific procedures) of dentally phobic patients was examined using multiple regression analysis. HADS anxiety and STAI‐T scores were both significant predictors of Corah scores; whereas HADS depression and STAI‐T predicted Kent scores, which measure how concerns about dentistry affect emotional and social well‐being. Fear of coming for an appointment significantly contributed to both scores and was itself predicted by anxiety about having an instrument in the mouth. The effects of sedation with nitrous oxide or midazolam on the change in dental anxiety after two treatment sessions in patients with high or low HADS anxiety were compared. Both drugs resulted in significant and equal reductions in scores on the Corah scale and anxieties about an instrument in the mouth, drilling and filling, in both high and low anxiety groups. None of the groups showed a significant reduction in scores on the Kent scale or in fear of coming for an appo

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract458 insomniac patients participated in a multinational, randomised, double blind, parallel groups study of zopiclone 7.5 mg versus placebo. Patients received the drug or placebo nightly for 14 days and for a further six weeks on demand. Sleep characteristics and Quality of Life measures were assessed at 14, 28 and 56 days after admission. Both groups of patients improved on these measures, but the active treatment showed significantly greater improvement compared to placebo, both after 14 days and at the end of the trial.

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe describe an exploratory double‐blind placebo controlled trial of eltoprazine, a novel pharmacological agent, in the management of aggressive behaviours in two groups of patients: patients with epilepsy and patients with Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome (GTS). The study was brought to a premature close. Two psychotic reactions were observed. This may reflect interactions at the 5HT1receptor group. Observations are made about the conduct of drug trials of the treatment of aggression in general and the specific clinical response seen in these two groups. We do not find evidence of the clinical value of eltoprazine for the management of aggression in these two group

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBetween 20 per cent to 50 per cent of institutionalized people with a learning disability receive psychotropic medication. A similar or a slightly lower proportion of those who live in the community also receive these drugs. There is a decreasing rate of use of these drugs with the increasing age. The rate of psychotropic drug use seems to have declined in the last decade among the community‐based population. The two main reasons for the use of these drugs are psychiatric illness and behaviour disorder. These drugs cause unacceptable side‐effects in a proportion of patients. Recent double‐blind studies lend some support to the efficacy of zuclopenthixol in the treatment of behaviour disorder. Some drugs have been use on an experimental basis to treat behavioural problems with equivocal results. These include lithium carbonate, carbamazepine, sodium valproate, fluoxetine, buspirone, naloxone, naltrxone, dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate, fenfluramine, propranolol, nadolol, amantadine and midazolam. Non‐durg dietary regimes, such as folic acid, vitamin B6, magnesium, and specific amino‐acid rich diets have also been applied in the treatment of behavioural problems. Guidelines have been proposed for a common‐sense rational approach to the use of psychotropic drugs in people with a learning

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUnder laboratory conditions smoking has been found to acutely increase blood pressure and heart rate in healthy subjects. Little is known about the short‐term effects of smoking under more naturalistic conditions when subjects are engaged in various activities. In this study, the short‐term effects of smoking on blood pressure and heart rate in natural settings were investigated in a group of healthy smokers. The degree to which these effects are moderated by other factors known to affect the cardiovascular system was investigated as well. Subjects (eight males, seven females) were dispatchers in the greater Los Angeles area. They wore an ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate monitor on two workdays for a total of 48 h. The present study confirmed that the acute effects of smoking on blood pressure and heart rate under natural conditions are similar to results from laboratory studies. Smoking acutely increased blood pressure and heart rate. Male and female smokers displayed similar cardiovascular reactivity to smoking. There was no indication of development of intraday tolerance. The acute action of smoking on blood pressure and heart rate was additive to the influence of posture on the cardiovascular sys

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCases of blood dyscrasia related to neuroleptic therapy have been reported. However thrombocytopenia associated with levomepromazine (LPZ) has never been reported, to the best of our knowledge. We describe here a patient treated with LPZ who has developed haemorrhagic vesicles and severe thrombocytopenia. Appropriate management and prompt substitution of LPZ by sulpride led to a full clinical recovery.

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNeuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare and sometimes fatal adverse reaction to neuroleptic drugs. Atypical antipsychotic agents, such as risperidone, are thought to be less likely to cause NMS because of their pharmacological profile. This is a case report of NMS associated with risperidone treatment.

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY