摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐seven healthy male volunteers participated in a double‐blind, five‐way crossover designed comparison of the new, selective H1‐receptor antagonist cetirizine (10 mg q.d.) and terfenadine (60 mg b.i.d. and 120 mg q.d.) versus the older H1‐receptor antagonist triprolidine (5 mg b.i.d.) and placebo.Medication was administered during four consecutive days. Subjects were tested on the 1st and 4th treatment day. On each test day subjects drove an instrumented vehicle over a 100 km highway circuit while attempting to maintain a constant speed (90 km/hr) and a steady lateral position within the right traffic lane. Thereafter they performed three computerized memory tasks. On the 4th treatment day, sleep latency was measured before and after the driving test. On both days, triprolidine significantly impaired performance in the driving and psychometric tests. Triprolidine also significantly reduced sleep latency in comparison to placebo on the 4th treatment day. Terfenadine 60 mg b.i.d. impaired psychometric performance after subchronic treatment.It was concluded that cetirizine, like terfenadine, belongs to the newer class of antihistamines and can be safely used by patients who continue their daily a

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlpidem, a novel imidazo‐pyridine anxiolytic, was compared with lorazepam for efficacy and withdrawal effects in 23 (17 male) anxious psychiatric out‐patients of mean age 35.3 years with a mean Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM‐A) total score of 26.4. Treatment was double blind for 4 weeks with doses built up to a mean of 112.5 mg alpidem and 3.5 mg lorazepam per day. Assessment were made for a further 2 weeks after abrupt withdrawal.There were no differences in scores between the groups before treatment. The HAM‐A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Sleep Rating Scale and other measures showed both drugs to be equally effective for psychic and somatic anxiety, depression and insomnia. Despite the small numbers, lorazepam produced greater improvement in the anxious mood, fear and insomnia items of the HAM‐A. After stopping treatment serious rebound in mood and somatic scores was experienced by the lorazepam group in contrast to those patients on alpidem who maintained their improvement. Neither group was troubled by side effects; dropouts were few and due to inefficacy (1 alpidem) or withdrawal problems (2 lorazepam). Alpidem seemed to offer effective anxiolysis without the risk of rebound associated with lora

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRelationships between tardive dyskinesia (TD) and the life expectancy of schizophrenic patients who suffer it were examined in two studies over a 50‐month period. In a prospective study, the mortality rate was found to be higher in patients with TD than in those without. This suggests either that TD is a factor tending to precipitate death, or else that it is an indication that the final period of life has been reached. The failure in the prospective study to detect medical factors which would discriminate between those TD patients who died and those who remained alive, as well as the finding of a significantly older age at death of patients with TD in the retrospective study may both support this idea. No significant differences were observed in the retrospective study in the prevalence of TD between 35 pairs of age‐matched deceased and living patients. The effects of TD on life expectancy are subtle; the present results are consistent with the possibilities both that TD reduces life expectancy and that it appears at the end‐stage of

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study investigated the effect of discontinuation of maintenance neuroleptic medication in chronic, long‐stay schizophrenic patients who had been clinically stable for over 5 years. After 12 months, 75 per cent of the patients on placebo had relapsed as compared to 33 per cent on active medication and relapses in the placebo group occurred significantly earlier during the study; survival analysis revealed the differences to be statistically significant. No clear predictors of relapse could be identified, although patients who relapsed from either group were more likely to have had higher scores for anxiety symptoms and a lower serum prolactin level at baseline. It was concluded that even in older patients who have been chronically ill with prominent negative symptoms and living in a relatively undemanding environment on stable doses of neuroleptics, the risk of relapse remains unacceptably high after abrupt withdrawal of maintenance neuroleptic th

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA randomised placebo‐controlled trial of clovoxamine fumarate was carried out in 44 outpatients with major depression. Patients were rated on scales for depression and anxiety after a one‐week washout period and after two and four weeks' treatment with either clovoxamine or placebo. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the total depression scores, but a significant difference in favour of clovoxamine in the Leeds Self‐Assessment of Anxiety General Scale. Unwanted effects in both groups were mild but gastrointestinal symptoms occurred more often and lasted longer in patients receiving clovoxamine. The question as to whether clovoxamine is an antidepressant or an anxiolytic is addressed and the specificity of action of psychotropic drugs in general disc

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of moclobemide, a new selective and reversible MAO‐A inhibitor, on cognitive function and psychomotor performance were measured in 12 healthy elderly male volunteers (with a mean age of 72.5 years). Subjects received moclobemide 200 mg, amitriptyline (positive internal control) 25 mg or placebo twice daily and were assessed on a battery of psychometric tests on the mornings following the first (acute) day and seventh (sub‐chronic) day. The tests were: Choice Reaction Time; Tracking; Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold; Memory Scanning; Continuous Attention Task; the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire and a Visual Line Analogue Rating Scale. The results show that amitriptyline produced impairment of cognitive and psychomotor functions. Moclobemide, however, did not disrupt sleep or cause daytime sedation, and remained neutral in the assessment of behavioural toxic

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined choice of beer over an alternative, non‐drug reinforcer (food or money), under conditions where the magnitude and availability of the non‐drug reinforcer was varied. Normal volunteers participated in three sessions consisting of a computerized choice task followed by a period of relaxation and consumption of earned reinforcers. The computer task consisted of a concurrent choice schedule in which the availability of the non‐drug reinforcer was varied across ‘trials’ from random ratio 1.3 to 16 (probability of reinforcement: 75 per cent to 6 per cent). Across the three sessions the magnitude of the non‐drug reinforcer was varied (i.e. small, medium, large). The magnitude and availability of beer remained constant across trials at a random ratio 4 (probability of reinforcement: 25 per cent). Two experiments were conducted, one in which food was the alternative reinforcer (Experiment I) and one in which money was the alternative reinforcer (Experiment II). In both experiments, decreasing the response requirement for the non‐drug reinforcer within the sessions resulted in an orderly decrease in the amount of responding to obtain alcohol. In Experiment I, changes in the magnitude of the food reinforcer did not change responding for beer. In Experiment II, however, responding for beer decreased when the magnitude of the alternative monetary reinforcer was increased. Thus, changes in the magnitude of an alternative reinforcer may have differential effects on responding for a drug reinforcer, depending on the nature of the alternati

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the study was to test the role of the 5HT‐2 receptor in the antiobsessional effect of 5HT uptake inhibitors. For this purpose we designed a double blind controlled clinical trial, in which ritanserin (a specific 5HT‐2 receptor antagonist) or placebo were administered to a sample of 10 patients affected by Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), symptomatologically stabilized during fluvoxamine monotherapy. In order to quantify OCD symptom severity we used the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y‐BOCS), administered weekly for the 14 days of the study. One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), performed on Y‐BOCS total scores, showed a significant difference between the two treatment groups. The difference between ritanserin and placebo effect seemed to be related either to the slight worsening of the ritanserin group, or to the improvement in the placebo one. These results suggest that 5HT‐2 receptor may be involved in the antiobsessional effect of fl

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY