摘要:

AbstractA double‐blind, randomized, multicentre study comparing the efficacy and safety of intramuscular (i.m.) remoxipride to that of i.m. haloperidol was undertaken in 119 psychotic patients (mean age: 37 ± 13.4 years). The study period was 1 week i.m., followed by 3 weeks of oral treatment. Dosage was 200–600 mg/day for remoxipride and 10–30 mg/day for haloperidol during i.m. and 150–600 mg/day for remoxipride and 10–40 mg/day for haloperidol during oral treatment. Both drugs produced marked clinical improvements during i.m. and oral treatment. During the i.m. week, the median Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) total score decreased from 51 to 34 in the remoxipride group and from 53 to 38 in the haloperidol group. Over the 4‐week treatment period, there was a significantly greater reduction in ‘some factors’ for remoxipride‐treated patients when compared to haloperidol‐treated patients. Somnolence was reported by 14% of haloperidol‐treated patients during i.m. treatment. Akathisia and tremor occurred significantly less in remoxipride‐treated patients as compared to haloperidol‐treated patients. Intramuscularly administered remoxipride is as effective as haloperidol in reducing acute phase psychotic symptoms, and is associated with few

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090201

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA motivation Q‐sort procedure was adopted in two screening steps to select from 92 medical students of a one‐year register 10 volunteers of whom five were motivated for success (S.M.) and five were motivated for failure (F.M.). The subjects were administered nifedipine (20 mg/subject, orally) or placebo in a double‐blind approach. Test inventory: Flicker fusion frequency, subjective self‐rating, d 2 cancellation test, tracking test. Classic evaluation of nifedipinevsplacebo did not reveal any differences between the two treatments. In the next screening step, the subjects were stratified in respect of motivation and personality structure. This showed that, compared to placebo, extraverted, emotionally stable and S.M. subjects under nifedipine exhibited a more vigilant behaviour (CFF). Nifedipine was found to increase the inner tension of introverted, emotionally stable and F. M. subjects who had a poorer performance in the d 2 cancellation test. The problems ensuing from the small number of subjects available for the study are discussed. Still, it is felt that the differential approach is ne

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been argued that representative drugs of the main psychopharmacological classes induce similar pharmaco‐EEG changes within groups but different changes between groups. The aim of this double‐blind, cross‐over, placebocontrolled study was to evaluate the effects of single oral doses of buspirone (BUS) 5, 15 and 30 mg in 15 healthy young subjects of both sexes on topographic maps of quantiative pharmaco‐EEG, using diazepam (DZP) 10 mg as reference compound. Sixteen lead recordings of three‐minute vigilance‐controlled EEG (V‐EEG) and four‐minute resting EEG (R‐EEG) were assessed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after drug intake. EOG activity (vertical and horizontal) was also recorded in order to minimize ocular artifacts before applying an automatic artifact rejection method. MANOVA/Hotelling T2maps (multivariate analysis) showed a highly significant differentiation of DZP from placebo from the 1 st until the 8th hour all over the brain. After BUS a clear dose‐response was observed with effects being greater and longer lasting with increasing doses, the highest showing a peak effect in the 2nd hour which lasted until the 4th hour, mostly in central regions. Maps of drug‐induced pharmaco‐EEG changes as compared to placebo‐induced alterations (univariate analysis) demonstrated typical ‘anxiolytic pharmaco‐EEG patterns’ after DZP, characterized by a decrease of total power, attenuation of alpha activity and augmentation of beta activity, as well as by an increase of the centroid and centroid deviation of the total activity. Furthermore, a decrease of the centroid of the combined delta‐theta activity and an increase of the centroid of alpha activity was seen. In contrast, BUS produced an increase of theta activity with an acceleration of the centroid of the combined delta‐theta activity, no modification of alpha activity but a slowing down of its centroid and a tendency to reduce beta activity. The centroid of the total activity was also decreased. Although both compounds have proven their ability to reduce anxiety in patients, their different neurophysiological profiles suggest different neurobiological mechanisms o

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractClinical sleep patterns were recorded in 45 HIV +ve patients, using a 5‐item questionnaire concerned with: sleep onset, nocturnal wakings, early morning awakening, duration of sleep and well‐being on final waking. These were quantified to give a total ‘insomnia score’ and compared to matched normal controls. Sleep was significantly worse in the HIV patients in relation to: delayed onset and early morning awakening (p<0.5), nocturnal wakings and wellbeing on waking (p<0.0001), although not significant for duration of sleep. The mean total score for the HIV patients was 3.8 and for the controls 2.1 (p<0.0001). There was an almost significant correlation between insomnia score and duration HIV +ve (p= 0.055). AIDS status did not affect the results but the insomnia score was greater in the absence of anti‐viral chemotherapy (p= 0.052). In the controls insomnia severity almost correlated to stress (p= 0.052). The results showed that the HIV patients had significantly more sleep disturbance than the matched controls, with resultant implications for improving quality of life in thi

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCigarette consumption, craving to smoke and smoking pleasure, subjective reasons for smoking, heart rate, motor activity, and nutrient intake were continuously assessed in 22 subjects. After ad lib smoking on the first experimental day, subjects had to abstain between 12:30 h and 17:30 h on the second day and to smoke twice the habituated number of cigarettes during the same period of the third day. Craving and smoking pleasure decreased during oversmoking and increased for the first cigarettes after abstinence. Activity adjusted heart rates decreased by about 5 bpm during abstinence. In the evenings, however, these parameters as well as smoking rates, subjective reasons for smoking, and nutrient intake remained completely unaffected by the previous manipulations. Also cardiac nicotine tolerance, as assessed by the increases of the averaged activity‐adjusted heart rates after cigarette lighting, was identical for all three evenings, irrespective of the afternoon smoking condition. Furthermore, none of the subjective effects of the afternoon abstinence was observed for the longer lasting overnight deprivation. These results suggest that habituated temporal patterns play a role in cigarette smoking which is perhaps even more important than the need to maintain a constant plasma nicotine leve

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRegular consumption of khat fromCatha edulisseriously affects the social and economic life of the subject and therefore is hazardous both to the individual and the community.Increasing awareness of the prevalence of khat chewing, often together with other drugs such as alcohol and tobacco, it is essential to further assess the health and socio‐economic consequences of khat habituation in order to take further appropriate medical and social measures to limit its availability and us

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) responses to the GABABagonist baclofen (10 mg) were assessed in six normally cycling, healthy women at three different sex steroid phases of the menstrual cycle: early follicular, pre‐ovulatory and luteal. The design was placebo‐controlled, balanced and single‐blind with a total of six tests being carried out on each subject in two consecutive menstrual cycles. GH responses to baclofen increased incrementally from early‐through mid‐ to late‐cycle: 10.95 ± 0.95 μg/l, 24.53 ± 4.73 μg/l, 31.36 ± 3.37 μg/l respectively (p<0.04). Responses between early‐ and mid‐cycle and early‐ and late‐cycle were significantly different (p<0.05). There was a direct relationship between baclofen/GH responses and both plasma oestradiol (E2) concentrations (p = 0.05) and plasma progesterone concentrations (p = 0.02). Responses to placebo did not vary. E2has been demonstrated to exert a priming influence on GH responses to many pharmacological and physiological stimuli. An E2‐induced priming effect on GH secretion may underlie these results. Progesterone may augment this effect. Other possible influences are a sex steroid effect on somatostati

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis experiment investigated the effects of chronic treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fluvoxamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and sertraline (10 mg/kg, i.p.), for 20 days on the behaviour, neurotransmitter concentrations and immune functions in the olfactory bulbectomized (OB) rat model of depression. Following fluvoxamine and sertraline administration, the hyperactive behaviour of the OB rat in the ‘open field’ was significantly attenuated. In the elevated plus‐maze, an increase in the number of entries into the open arms and a decrease in the time spent on the closed arms were also largely reversed in the OB rat after fluvoxamine and sertraline treatment. Fluvoxamine and sertraline treatments reversed the decrease in the brain concentrations of noradrenaline (NA) of the OB rat and the increase in the 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid (5‐HIAA) concentration. Fluvoxamine and sertraline treatment also significantly reversed the suppression of lymphocyte proliferation in the OB rat. However, only the chronic administration of fluvoxamine significantly improved depressed neutrophil phagocytosis, sertraline being without effect on this imm

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470090211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY