ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe contrast of attitudes to the psychiatric effects of caffeine between North America and Britain is highlighted. A summary of the dietary sources, pharmacology and effects of caffeine on normal subjects is given. The emphasis in normal subjects is on the acute, chronic, toxic and withdrawal effects. With this background information, a more specific evaluation of the psychiatric issues are discussed. In conclusion, the case is made for the inclusion of a specific category, in non‐dependent abuse of drugs, for caffein

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough many drugs used in psychiatry can be assayed in body fluids, the measurement of agents such as the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and the antipsychotic agents in the therapeutic setting remains controversial. This is due to both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors. Pharmacokinetically, neither the TCAs nor the antipsychotics meet the criteria for therapeutic drug monitoring, because they undergo extensive first‐pass metabolism to active metabolites, their mechanism of action probably involves alteration in receptor responsiveness, and at least for the TCAs protein binding is not constant. The pharmacodynamic end points in assessing depression and schizophrenia have also proved difficult to define; thus the relationship between plasma levels and clinical response has proved elusive. Lithium, alone, is suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring because it has a narrow therapeutic range, is not protein bound, is not metabolized, and there is serum level variability for the same dose. Besides this agent, plasma level measurement is unlikely to add any benefit to the patient in the clinical settin

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPlasma fluphenazine concentrations were measured by neuroleptic radioreceptor assay in 17 outpatients receiving chronic treatment with intramuscular fluphenazine decanoate. The range of concentrations was 0.5–2.4 μg/L over the dosage range of 0.30–3.2 mg/d. Age, sex and smoking status had no influence on plasma fluphenazine concentrations, which were not correlated with dose (expressed as mg/kg/d). There was no significant correlation between plasma concentration and clinical status of the patients. No difference in plasma concentration between patients with extrapyramidal signs or tardive dyskinesia and those without signs were obse

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of the selective 5‐HT2receptor antagonist, ritanserin, on the growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) responses to intravenous L‐tryptophan (LTP) were assessed in 8 normal volunteers. Administration of ritanserin (40 mg orally) prior to infusion of LTP (5 g) significantly enhanced the PRL responses but not those of GH. The results are consistent with previous proposals that the endocrine responses to LTP are mediated by 5‐HT1rather than 5‐HT2receptors and also suggest that 5‐HT2receptor antagonists may increase certain 5‐HT1mediated responses in the

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPreliminary evidence of a mood‐elevating effect for the endogenous neuropeptide, (des‐tyr1)‐gamma‐endorphin, was further investigated in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial over a period of 2 weeks. There were 10 patients in each group. Between‐group comparisons on the change in scores by day 14 were non‐significant. There was, however, a significant reduction (p= 0.05, two‐tailed) of scores on the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the anxious‐depression subscale of the BPRS in the endorphin group. It is recommended that the trial be conducted in a larger sample for

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere are many reports regarding the risk of hypertensive crisis when tyramine‐containing food is taken together with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Thus, psychiatric patients taking MAOIs are routinely given dietary warning cards. However, most of these cards have been prepared according to assays of tyramine in Western food samples. We now report the detection of high levels of tyramine (ranging from 0.02 to 43.0 μmol/g) in some common Chinese foods, including fermented bean curd, soy sauce and fermented soya be

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTransdermal scopolamine and transdermal placebo patches were administered on alternating days to 12 normal volunteer subjects. Visual near‐point values and self‐reports of blurred vision were systematically assessed 24 hours following each transdermal patch. Blurred vision was not reported following the first scopolamine patch, but became increasingly frequent following successive scopolamine patches. Six of the 12 subjects reported blurred vision by their fourth scopolamine patch. Subjects reporting blurred vision had long initial visual near‐points (i.e. were comparatively hypermetropic), whereas subjects not reporting blurred vision had short initial visual near‐points (i.e. were comparatively myopic). The visual near‐point values of the (hypermetropic) subjects who developed blurred vision became longer following each successive scopolamine patch, whereas the visual near‐point values of the (myopic) subjects not reporting blurred vision remained basically unchanged. Visual changes following scopolamine have been previously shown to be slow to develop and slow to dissipate; this slow time course probably produced the cumulative visual problems re

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDependence has developed in the case of each antianxiety drugs introduced into clinical practice during the last two hundred years. Throughout this time there has been a reluctance to accept that anxiolytics are drugs of dependence and this has led to prolonged delays in the recognition of the problem. New compounds have been used to treat addiction to older drugs, even after the new drugs themselves have been shown to be addictive. The limitations of existing methods of assessing addictive potential should be more widely recognised and patients treated with new antianxiety drugs should be monitored more intensely and for a sufficiently long period to decide definitely that the drug does not cause dependence. It is hoped that drugs free from addictive potential will one day be produced, but it is possible that dependence is an unavoidable price that has to be paid for having antianxiety drug in our pharmacological armamentarium.

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470010211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY