摘要:

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity of a driving simulator test model (TS2) with a standard on‐the‐road driving test, after one night treatment with lormetazepam 1 mg, oxazepam 50 mg (as a verum) and placebo. The secondary purpose was to measure the effects of the intended drugs and placebo in the same subject sample, after two treatment nights in the morning and in the afternoon, on on‐the‐road driving performance. Eighteen healthy male volunteers received the three treatments (2 consecutive nights each) according to a double‐blind, three‐way crossover design. Time of administration was set at 22.00 hours each night. An on‐the‐road driving test and a simulator driving test were conducted in the morning following the first night. After the second treatment night, on‐the‐road driving tests were performed in the morning and in the afternoon. The on‐the‐road driving test consisted of operating an instrumental automobile over a 100 km highway circuit at a constant speed (90 km/h) and constant steady lateral position between the right lane boundaries. Primary performance measure was the SD of lateral position (SDLP). The simulator test consisted of repeatedly performing ‘curve‐following’ manoeuvres, which was the main tracking control task, while simultaneously reacting to secondary visual signs. Test parameters were the number of correctly executed manoeuvres (TC) and reaction time (RT). Oxazepam 50 mg seriously impaired, and lormetazepam 1 mg slightly impaired, on‐the‐road driving performance in the morning, both after the first and second treatment night. The drugs produced no significant effects in the afternoon test following the second night. In contrast with these results, neither oxazepam 50 mg nor lormetazepam 1 mg affected simulator tracking control after one night. No deterioration was found for reaction time. Correlational and multiple regression analyses were applied to determine relationships between SDLP, TC and RT. The major conclusion of this study was that the TS2 driving simulator test does not predict residual drug effects in the on‐the‐road driving test, and seems to be a less sensitive measure of sedative drug‐induced impairment in c

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070502

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUnlike processing of time intervals in the range of seconds or more, processing of brief durations ranging from approximately 50 to 100 ms appears to be beyond cognitive control and based on neural counting mechanisms. In a placebo‐controlled study either 15 mg of midazolam or placebo were applied to 36 healthy male volunteers to investigate the effect of pharmacologically induced sedation on temporal processing of intervals in the range of milliseconds indicating performance on time perception and in the range of seconds indicating performance on time estimation. In addition, a test battery consisting of subtests measuring speed of information processing and cortical arousal was applied. Midazolam induced a very pronounced decrease in cortical arousal as well as a marked impairment of speed of information processing and performance on time estimation as compared to placebo. Performance on time perception, however, was not affected suggesting that temporal processing of very brief intervals is unrelated to the effective level of cortical arousal. These findings support the notion of two different timing mechanisms underlying time estimation and time perceptio

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070503

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCognitive function and mood have been assessed in nine patients started on vigabatrin as additional therapy to their regular anticonvulsants. Psychological tests were given at baseline (S1) and at 4 weeks (S2) after starting treatment. A comparison group of nine patients on stable therapy was tested at the same time intervals. In particular, tasks with minimal or no motor components were used. Mood was rated with the Beck Depression Inventory. The vigabatrin group scored significantly higher on a task of attention and concentration at S2. This was not related to change of seizure frequency or serum levels of other anticonvulsants. No effects were observed on mood.

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070504

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study explores whether memory impairments are found on the morning following intake of the hypnotic zolpidem which is a member of a new pharmaceutical class, the imidazopyridines. The procedure used is novel: it involves testing subjects in their own homes via the telephone. A previous study using this technique found significant deficits in performance on the morning following intake of the benzodiazepines, flunitrazepam and midazolam, on tasks which load heavily on both the speed and capacity aspects of the human information processing system. Using the same tests, results from the present study fail to find any significant effects on the morning following zolpidem intake.

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070505

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe steady‐state serum kinetics of zotepine, an antipsychotic drug, were studied in 59 psychiatric in‐patients receiving 50–500 mg/day (mean 215 mg/day) of the drug. There was a 26‐fold inter‐individual variation in the concentration/dose ratios (C/D ratios: ng/ml/mg/kg), which ranged from 2.4 to 62.2 (mean 13.2). The smokers (n= 37) had significantly lower C/D ratios (mean ±SD: 9.7 ± 7.0 vs 19.0 ± 15.5,p<0.01), while the patients co‐administered benzodiazepines (n= 14) had significantly higher C/D ratios (19.06 ± 12.5 vs 11.2 ± 10.9,p<0.01) than the others. There was no significant relationship between the C/D ratios and age or gender. In the 24 cases where the dose was fixed at 100 mg/day in the first week and at 200 mg/day for the next 3 weeks, no significant difference was found in the mean C/D ratios during the 4 weeks. The present study thus suggests a large inter‐individual variation in the metabolism of zotepine, and that smoking enhances, and co‐administration of benzodiazepines inhibits, the metabolism. Age and gender do not affect the kinetics of the drug. The results also suggest no dose‐dependent kinetics and no enzyme‐ind

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070506

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProspectively collected data on screening of 166 patients for a placebo controlled double blind clinical trial of a putative anti‐psychotic drug was analyzed to establish the rate of recruitment of patients in an academic centre known for its interest in schizophrenia and its associated hospitals. Screening of patients was carried out intensively. A descriptive analysis was carried out on why otherwise eligible patients did not consent to enter the trial, and on why patients were not eligible to be entered, either because of physical or psychiatric morbidity. Social demography and morbidity were compared between the subgroups of consenting and non consenting eligible patients. No differences were detected between the demography and morbidity level of the consenters and non‐consenters. Nearly 60 per cent of patients screened were ineligible to enter the trial. Reasons for ineligibility are discussed. Of patients eligible 66 per cent were not willing or able to give their consent. This meant that overall, about 1 in 7 of all patients screened were able to be entered into the tr

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070507

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNine patients with acute mania were treated with high‐dose lithium therapy and daily blood level monitoring for the first 3 days of treatment. Rapid reduction in psychopathology was seen. It is possible that the delay of 7–10 days in clinical response to usual lithium treatment may be partially pharmacokinetic, and that high‐dose lithium loading at the onset of treatment of mania may reduce the need for neuroleptic co‐tr

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070508

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn two patients treated for hypertension with enalapril for more than 12 months, clomipramine was introduced in small to moderate doses for the treatment of dysthymic disorders. Rapid improvement of depressive symptoms was noted, which was followed by signs of antidepressant overdosage. The blood levels of clomipramine and desmethylchlomipramine were high. After reducing the dose, the symptoms resolved and the blood level of antidepressant returned to the usual therapeutic range. Enalapril would appear to reduce the clearance of clomipramine; the association enalapril + clomipramine does not appear to modify blood pressure.

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070509

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAntidepressant was given to treat a patient with manic‐depressive psychosis, depressed type (ICD‐9). Following the treatment, she manifested the alteration of the consciousness, autonomic dysfunction, extrapyramidal sign, muscular hypertonicity, hyperthermia, and elevated serum CPK levels. This condition was consistent with the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Then, along with interruption of medication she was treated with supportive measures and improved progressively.In her past history, she underwent general anesthesia for operation of mitral valve replacement and at that time she manifested tachycardia, hyperthermia, elevated CPK levels, etc. In the case of patients who manifest a malignant hyperthermia‐like state or neuroleptic malignant syndrome‐like state, special care is required in selecting anesthetics and psychotropi

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070510

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0885-6222    

DOI:10.1002/hup.470070511

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY