摘要:

Summary1The records of 9867 blood donors who were born in and are still resident in the county of Dublin were sorted into 223 groups according to the areas in which they live.2These groups were progressively summed until six groups, representing donors from the centre of the city, suburbs and rural areas, north and south of the river Liffey, were obtained.3At the summations within each of these six divisions, the areas showed no significant heterogeneity in the proportion ofA+ABdonors. The proportion of these donors was not the same in each of the six areas; it was highest in the rural areas, lowest in the city centre and intermediate in the suburbs.4No significant heterogeneity either within the six divisions or between these divisions appeared in the proportion ofB+ABdonors.5The proportion ofRh– donors showed some heterogeneity within the six divisions; a patchiness rather than a pattern. The proportion of these donors appears to be lowest in the rural areas, highest in the city centre and intermediate in the suburbs.6Possible interpretations of the data are discussed, including differential selection in rural and urban areas. The simplest interpretation is that prior to the arrival of the Anglo‐Norman settlers the population of County Dublin had a relatively low proportion of people of groupAand a relatively high proportion of people who wereRh‐. The descendants of these people are the main component of the population in the centre of the city. In the rural areas there is a significant proportion of descendants of Anglo‐Norman and later settlers, who had a relatively high proportion of groupAand a relatively low proportion ofRh‐.7In accord with this explanation it is noted that even within each of the six areas there is a tendency for the proportion ofRh‐ to be lower among those of groupAthan among those of

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1957.tb01925.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn order to study whether there is differential fertility between different mating types ofABO, MNandQsystems, an investigation has been carried out on the population samples of two mining town areas, Ashibetsu and Kohnomae in Hokkaido. The material comprises 741 couples in Ashibetsu and 688 couples in Kohnomae. As the areas were found to be homogeneous in regard to the distributions of each blood group as well as of mating types, further analysis was made using the pooled data. It has been revealed that there is no indication of any selective force with respect toMNandQmating types, while in the classical blood groups there are differences in human fertility between certain mating types.In the present data two different selective forces have been found inABOmating types. The first one, arising from maternal‐foetal incompatibility, has been observed in the differential fertility between compatible and incompatible mating groups. The frequencies both of abortions per pregnancy and childless couples in the incompatible matings are, essentially higher than those in the compatible ones. A highly significant reduction in the mean number of living children has been observed in the incompatible matings compared with that in the compatible matings. This selection is operating to reduce the gene ratios ofAandBand to increase the gene ratio ofO.Mortality rate of the children of heterozygous genotypes incompatible with the mother has been roughly calculated as 21 % in this population.The other selective force has been observed in the differential fertility within certain compatible mating types. The mean numbers of pregnancies as well as of living childrenin AxAmatings were significantly higher than those inA♀×O♂ and inAB♀×O♂ matings. It has been further revealed that, if compatible matings are divided into two subgroups, the matings in which the father belongs toOgroup have significantly lower fertility than those matings in which neither parent belongs toO.The effect of this second selection upon gene ratios is in the opposite direction to that of the first one, so that the losses ofAandBgenes eliminated through incompatibility could be compensated in the

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1957.tb01926.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ZusammenfassungDie von Auerbach aufgeworfene Frage, ob man bei der Spalthand Sippe von Graham&Badgley (1955) mit dem Auftreten einer verzögerten Mutation rechnen muβ, wird auf Grund der in der Literatur niedergelegten Beobaohtungen in negativem Sinne beantwortet. Dagegen erhält die Ansicht von Mackenzie&Penrose (1951), daβ bei der von ihnen beobachteten Sippe eine Mosaikmutation vorliegt, eine wesentliche Unterstützung. Die Frage, ob das Auftreten von Mosaik‐mutationen bei diesem Merkmal besonders häufig ist, kann noch nicht entsehieden

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1957.tb01927.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1957.tb01928.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1957.tb01929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIt has been shown that a simple recessive mode of inheritance is incompatible with the observed distribution of deafness in Northern Ireland. One possibility is that homozygosity at either of two or more loci is responsible for much of the deafness observed, but that dominant genes account for 15 % or more of the cases of deafness. An alternative series of hypotheses suggests that some of the observed deafness is due to homozygosity at certain loci, but that there are many rare genes in the population which can often produce deafness in persons who are heterozygous for two or more of them. These hypotheses can be combined in a variety of ways.

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1957.tb01930.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIt is suggested that the two processes leading to multiple births (release of extra eggs and division of the embryo) are independent, random events. Deductions from this hypothesis made by other authors are shown to be incorrect and the correct formulae are derived. It is shown that these formulae predict correctly the numbers and types of triplet maternities but underestimate the number of quadruplet maternities.

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1957.tb01931.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOne hundred and sixty‐one engaged white couples, resident in the eastern United States, were blood grouped and, after about 18 years, supplied detailed information on their reproductive history. After classifying the couples byABOmating type, the possible effect of blood groups on (1) number of pregnancies, (2) number of livebirths, (3) number of stillbirths, (4) number of spontaneous abortions, and (5) interval between marriage and birth of first child was explored. No differences between incompatible (i.e. the husband hasAand/orBagglutinogen which is lacking in the wife) and compatible matings were found which were significant at the 0–05 level. However, for the proportion of births which were stillbirths, the probability of the difference between incompatible and compatible matings is 0–0588, the proportion being over three times as high in incompatible matings. These findings and other aspects of the data are discussed. An appendix describing each couple is

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1957.tb01932.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Anthropologischer Anzeiger. Bericht iiber die biologisch‐anthropologische Literatur1865–1955. 90 Years of the Mendelian Laws. By LuigiGeddaCiba Foundation Colloquia on Ageing, vol. 3, Methodology of the Study of Ageing. Edited by G. E. W. WOLSTENHOLM and CECILIA M. O'CO

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1957.tb01933.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY