摘要:

SUMMARYAn explanation is given of Fisher's ‘Malthusian parameter’m(= Lotka's ‘rate of increase’) and ‘reproductive value’v. It is pointed out that there is a flaw in fisher's mathemathics due to his neglect of changes in population charactersitcs under natural selection, with the result thatmequals the logarithmic rate of change of the total reproductive value of a population. A modified definition is given that does have this property. however, for practical uses in population genetic it may be better to follow Fisher's original definition despite the f

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Data from electrophoretic surveys of enzymes in European populations are reviewed.2. Out of the seventy‐one structural gene loci determining enzyme structure which have been scrutinized electrophoretically, 20 (28 %) were found to show genetic polymorphism. The average heterozygosity per locus for alleles determining electrophoretic variants is estimated at 0·067.3. These results are compared with data from some other species.4. For several different reasons, most of which relate to the techniques used and the enzymes and tissues surveyed, it seems likely that the present data considerably underestimate the true incidence of polymorphism and average heterozygosity per loc

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe model of Cavalli‐Sforza and Edwards was used to investigate the gentic relationships of thirty‐seven Yanomama villages. Using gene frequency data from eleven genetic systems (MNS, P, Rh, Duffy, Kidd,Diego, Lewis, haptoglobin, Ge, PGM, and acid phosphatase), three hierarchical levels of analysis were carried out. The first level involved in the construction of a gentic network, based on genetic distance between villages, for each of three historically defined clusters of villages. Upon comparing the results with ethnohistory there was shown to be a good agreement between the historical development of a cluster and its genetic network.At the second level of analysis a genetic network was constructed in similar fashion for nineteen villages of the Western Yanomama subgroup, including the three village clusters previously analysed. At this level the integrity of the village clusters was largely maintaine, exceptions being due to specific socio‐political events that resulted in changes of the composition of the village gene pool.The highest level resulted in the construction of a network for all thirty‐seven villages which showed three of the five geographically defined tribal subgroups as distinct entities. The result of these analyses indicate that the model of Cavalli‐Sforza and Edwards can under certain circimstances be used when the requirements of the midel arenot met, and furthermore that the rate of divergence of human populations may approach a steady state at the level of major tribal sub

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYBirth weight has been analysed in a series of 528 unselected, newborn twins pairs of known zygosity, in relation to sex, placentation, duration of gestation, maternal age and parity. Monozygotic twins weigh less than dizygotic twins, even when the named variables are allowed for. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYMore than 4000 blood samples from populations in Japan, Micronesia, Singapore, West Irian, New Guinea and Australia have ben typed for phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI)Normal PGK‐1 patterns were observed in all populations except in Micronesia, parts of West Irian and the Western and Eastern Highlands of New Guinea. In Micronesia both PGK‐2 and PGK2‐1 patterns were observed and the gene frequency ofpgk2was 0.07. In West Irian and the Highlands of New Guinea PGK‐4 and PGK 4‐1 patterns were observed and the highestpgk4frequency was 0.051 among males in the Western Highlands.Only nine individuals were detected with PHI variant patterns. One PHI 2‐1 was found in a Chinese and two PHI 3‐1 persons were observed among Malays in Singapore, four PHI 5‐1 in the Western Highlands of New Guinesa and one PHI 5‐1 in a Japanese: one PHI 4‐1 was found among Aborigines in

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY1. The isozymes derived from the human phosphoglucomutases ‐ PGM1, PGM2, PGM3have been examined in three tissues (lymphocytoid cells, placentae and red blood cells) in which the average age of the constituent proteins may be expected to differ. The appearance of one or more more negatively charged isozymes would appear to be correlated with increasing overall protein age. It is suggested that these are ‘secondry’ isozymes formedin vivofrom the least negatively chared form which presumed to be the primary post translational product of the particular gene.2. Changes in the PGM3, isozyme pattern have been observed on storage of the placental extracts. Both the primary and the secondaryin vivoisozymes were similarly affected. The storage effects observed are possibly due to reaction with red cell oxidized glutathione contaminating the extract. They may lead to confusion in typing unless controlled. Similar changes were not observed with the PGM1, and PGM2, isozymes.3. The effects of a number of thiol reagents on the three PGMs have been examined and various changes in isozyme pattern have been produced artificially. Both the primary and the secondaryin vivoisozymes derived from each allele were similarly affected by any particular treatment. PGM3, isozymes were more reactive with thiol reagents than PGM1, or PGM2, isozymes. These findings suggest that the primary and secondary isozymes derived from each of the three PGM loci each contain at least one reactive sulphydryl group. However, thein vivochanges by which secondary isozymes are generated do not appear to be due to such thiol ef

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYCytogeetical and clinical findings in a 17 year‐old female with te karyotype 46,XXpiare presented. The patient was 159 cm tall and had never menstruated. The gonads were not palpable and secondary sex characteristics were poorly developed. She had no somatic sgns of Turner's syndrome apart from a renal anomaly. The abnormal X chromosome could be identified as an Xpi by its characteristic fluorescence patterns and Giemsa staining properties after the ASG procedure. Autoradiography showed it to be the latest‐labelling chromosome in nearly all cells. Sex chromatin bodies were normal in number and decreased in size (79% of normal). These findings, taken with the incomplete data from two presumptive XXpi cases reported by others, indicate that the karotype 46,XXpiproduces a clinical picture distinguishable from Turner's syndrome.The proposita and her father were Xg(a+), and her mother Xg(a−), indicating paternal derivation of the normal X chromosome. Hence the Xpi appears to be of maternal origin. Other interpretations are possible.The findings lend added support to the hupothesis that genes controlling gonodal development are carried in both Xp and Xq, whereas those affecting stature are in Xp but probably not in Xq.It is proposed that at isochromosome formation Xqi is far more likely to be produced than Xpi. This may be because breakage preferentially occcurs at the short‐arm end of the centromere region or in the short arm itself, as indicated by the existence of presumptive dicentric Xqi chro

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYLinkage data obtained from studies on families segregating for electrophoretic variants of red cell peptidases A, b, C, D, are presented in the form of lod scores and of recombinants and non‐recombinants. No significant linkages were found, but ‘hints’ of linkage betweenpep BandGm, betweenPep CandRh, and betweenPep D,LuandSecretorare discusse. There appears to be no close linkage between the four peptidase loci A, B, C,

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00584.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYDistribution of gene frequencies and gentic correlation of different localities in a geographically structured population were investigated for various deleterious genes. Approximation formulae were obtained and they were checked by computer simulations. Effect of selection on the genetic correlation was discussed.

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00585.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYMetameric matches on the ‘color rule’ under various kinds of illumination, principally of colour temperature 6500°K and 2400°k, were established for colour normal people of both sexes, various ages and ethnic origin. The matches shift in a way which is explicable by the yellow discoloration of the lens and possibly other optic media, with age and general pigmentation.Individuals defective in colour perception differ ‐ as a group ‐ from normal people not only in the position of the average match co‐ordinates, but mostly also in a wider tolerance of accepted matches. By combining average match with tolerance area a useful criterion can be shown to exist for discriminating between normal, protanomalous and deuteranomalous people and to a lesser extent between the two principal classes of dichromats. Similar distinctions can be derived by inspecting the orientation and position of tolerance areas, which for red‐green defects are diagonally oriented but in one tritan defective appeared horizontal.The versatility, cheapness and convenience of the ‘color rule’ for colour vision studies in the fie

ISSN:0003-4800    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00586.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY