ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent research disclosed a number of variables which may distort blood pressure readings, but little attention has been paid to talking as such a variable. To investigate the effect of talking on diastolic blood pressure, 48 subjects with one previous diastolic blood pressure reading of 90 mm Hg or more and not taking antihypertensives, were recruited from an outpatient hypertension clinic. Three diastolic blood pressure readings under each of three sequentially counter‐balanced treatment conditions were obtained: no talking, reading neutral material for part of the procedure, and reading neutral material continuously. Blood pressure increased significantly (p<.01) under both talking conditions. Implications for nursing education, practice, and future research are discusse

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe applicability of attribution theory in general, and Weiner's model in particular, to a medical setting was investigated. Patients undergoing thoracic surgery were interviewed before and after surgery to ascertain why they thought they had the disease and why they were recovering at an adequate or inadequate rate from the surgery. These data were analyzed to answer two primary questions. First, to what extent can Weiner's academically‐based attribution model be applied to a medical setting? Secondly, do the attributions that patients make about the cause of their disease affect their ability to recover from it? The results indicated that Weiner's theory can be applied to this situation, although a modification in one major dimension of the theory (the Locus dimension) seems warranted. In addition, the causal attributions that patients made about their disease correlated with recovery, although the pattern of attributions for successful patients was complex and theoretically ambiguous. Suggestions for modifying Weiner's model to make the theory more applicable to a medical setting are presente

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study was designed to determine if the concerns of 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children hospitalized for chronic illness differ from the concerns of other children. Interviews were conducted with 32 short‐stay chronically ill, 10 long‐stay chronically ill, 20 acutely ill, and 20 healthy children. Narrative recordings were analyzed using a categorical system of 10 developmental and hospital‐related concerns. Differences between groups in mean proportion of concerns expressed were examined for each interview using analysis of variance techniques. The major concerns expressed by each group on all interviews were Autonomy and Exploration and, in the chronically ill children, Intrusion. Increased age was associated with increased expression of Intrusion in all groups except the long‐stay chronic

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe general concepts, variables, and relationships described by the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB) were used to guide a secondary data analysis of 203 women's decisions to request an amniocentesis. Step‐wise multiple regression explained 58% of the variance in these decisions by jointly examining the factors which define the client as unique in her responses to an at‐risk pregnancy, as well as factors describing the client‐provider interaction. The women could be correctly classified as users or nonusers of prenatal diagnosis with 87% accuracy in a discriminant analysis based on the variables derived from the conceptual model. Finally, structural equation modeling was used to estimate the causal paths described by the general model. While the relationships proposed in the model need further empirical evauation, this first application serves to demonstrate the testability of the IMCHB and its potential to direct nursing inqu

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to test the applicability of Kanter's theory of tokenism to male nursing students. Kanter's theory states that numerical underrepresentation, not cultural factors, causes tokens to experience greater performance pressure, social isolation, and role entrapment. Subjects were 322 male and female nursing students from two similar midwestern nursing schools. Subjects completed instruments measuring social isolation, upward communication distortion, performance pressure, and communication apprehension. This research did not find support for Kanter's claims. Possible explanations for the findings include sex status differences and the nurturing character of the nursing profession.

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA positive and statistically significant relationship was found between a woman's degree of occupational commitment measured at 34 weeks gestation and the quality of interaction with her infant measured soon after delivery in a sample of 50 married, white, college‐educated women and their healthy term infants. This finding did not occur at 6‐weeks postpartum, however. Specific characteristics which influenced the quality of the interaction between mother and infant included mothers' of the subjects work histories, infant gender, attendance at prenatal classes, intention of returning to work, and method of infant feeding. With respect to occupational commitment, influencing characteristics included income and subjects' mothers' work histories. The findings are discussed within the perspective of current literat

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince back injury is the largest workman's compensation claim in most industries, the relationship between selected personal characteristics and back injury in hospital nursing personnel were studied. The sample included 64 female nursing personnel, half back injured and half not.Demographic: Workers were more likely to be back injured if they were older, worked longer on nursing units requiring frequent lifting, had family members with back problems, and had family members whose back problems began at an early age.Physical: The back injured had less muscle flexibility, less keen proprioception, and greater unequal leg length.Life style: Back injured were more vulnerable to frustration and stress overload (overstimulation), smoked more cigarettes, spent fewer hours exercising, and rated their physical condition lower. The variables with the greatest discriminatory power to predict back injury were a sense of overload, muscle flexibility, proprioception, family history of back problems, difference in leg length, years of risk in nursing practice, and smoking.

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMaternal height, pregravid weight, weight gain during pregnancy, fundal height, McDonald's measurement, uterine width, uterine height, abdominal girth, and station of the fetal head were measured in 44 laboring, nulliparous women and were used to construct a regression model for the prediction of infant birthweight during labor. A model constructed from maternal height, weight gain during pregnancy, fundal height, abdominal girth, and station accounted for 69.6% of the variance in birthweight. The use of this regression equation resulted in predictions that were within 100, 250, and 500 gm of the actual birthweights in 34.1%, 79.5%, and 97.7% of the 44 cases, respectively. In all 44 cases, the weights of the infants also were estimated by palpation of the maternal abdomen during labor. These estimates were within 100, 250, and 500 gm of the actual birthweights in 31.8%, 61.4%, and 88.6% of the cases, respectively.

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSocial support and social network scales were reviewed from a psychometric perspective. A sample of 29 behavioral science studies were selected from social support and social network articles published between 1967 and 1982. Each study was classified according to psychometric issues of scaling, reliability, and validity. The review was motivated by the hypothesis that many social support and social network scales are developed without complete utilization of existing measurement technology. Results of this review confirm this hypothesis. Limited availability of basic psychometric data for such scales attenuates theory development and research efficiency. Researchers in this field are encouraged to increase the availability of basic psychometric information for social support and social network scales.

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY