ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770180603

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to (a) determine whether small shifts in body weight change pressure and blood flow under a bony prominence, and (b) identify the magnitude of change in blood flow and pressure under a bony prominence over time. Blood flow and interface pressure in two positions (lateral oblique/supine) with two small shifts in each position (thigh/rib cage) were evaluated over time in 50 nursing home residents. There was a significant decrease in interface pressure under the trochanter through the small shifts intervention,F= 5.36,p<.01. There was a significant decrease in interface pressure,F= 3.90,p<.05, and a significant increase in blood flow,F= 4.85,p<.05, under the sacrum through the small shifts intervention. Blood flow and interface pressure did not change significantly over time. ©1995 John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770180604

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effectiveness of a parent training program for promoting positive parent‐child relationships was examined among families of 2‐year‐olds. Forty‐six mothers and fathers and their toddlers were assigned to either an intervention or comparison group. Intervention group parents participated in a 10‐week program that focused on principles for effectively interacting with their toddlers. Parents completed measures of parenting self‐efficacy, depression, stress, and perceptions of their toddler's behaviors and were videotaped playing with their toddlers preintervention, postintervention, and 3 months following the intervention. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed that the parent training program led to significant increases in maternal self‐efficacy, decreases in maternal stress, and improvements in the quality of mother‐toddler interactions. No significant effects were found among fathers. Explanations for obtaining different outcomes for mothers and fathers are discussed and directions for future research are recommended. ©1995 John

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770180605

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe stability of mothers' attitudes toward employment, employment status, and consistency between employment attitudes and behavior over a 15‐month period was examined. Factors such as family finances, availability of child care, and child's health status that could influence either employment attitudes or employment behavior were explored. Mothers of preterm infants (N= 98) and mothers of full‐term, healthy infants (N= 101) completed questionnaires regarding home/employment orientation, choice and satisfaction with the employment decision, and employment behavior as part of a battery of instruments administered when their infants were 3, 9, and 18 months old. Analyses indicated considerable stability in attitudes, behaviors, and consistency over a 15‐month period for mothers of both full‐term and preterm infants. Consistency groups were created based on employment status (employed versus not employed) and consistency status (consistent versus inconsistent) at each time point. Consistency groups differed on ratings of financial need and availability of child care. ©1995 John Wiley&S

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770180606

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe psychosocial adjustment of women with recurrent breast cancer (N= 81) and their husbands (N= 74) were compared to determine if they report different levels of adjustment, support, symptom distress, hopelessness, and uncertainty. Women with recurrent breast cancer reported more emotional distress than their husbands, but both had a similar number of psycho‐social role problems. Women and husbands differed in the amount of support and uncertainty they reported but not in the levels of symptom distress or hopelessness they perceived. Women, in contrast to their husbands, expressed more surprise that their cancer recurred and found the recurrent phase of illness more distressing than the initial diagnosis. ©1995 John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770180607

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo explain how symptoms, lung function, mood, and social support affect level of functioning, patients (N= 143) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) completed measures assessing their symptoms (Bronchitis‐Emphysema Symptom Checklist), mood (Profile of Mood States), social support (Personal Resource Questionnaire), and functioning (Sickness Impact Profile). Those who were receiving oxygen therapy (n= 52) had significantly lower FEV, scores and experienced significantly poorer functioning than those who were not receiving oxygen therapy (n= 91). Results of path analyses indicated that symptoms and mood directly, and social support indirectly, influenced the functioning of those who were not receiving oxygen. For those who were receiving oxygen, only symptoms directly, and FEV, indirectly, influenced their functioning. These models need to be confirmed using other samples of patients with COPD. ©1995 John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770180608

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the functional performance profiles of men and women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, describe the extent to which physiologic impairment, physical symptoms, and psychosocial resources contribute in a cumulative manner to performance, and outline the extent to which these contributions differ across gender. Secondary data analyses were employed. Although women (n= 45) reported more functional difficulty than men (n= 44) in 9 of 12 Sickness Impact Profile categories, the differences were not significant. Using hierarchical regression procedures, physiologic, symptomatic, and interactive variables predicted total (R2= .64) and physical performance (R2= .52), while symptomatic and psychosocial variables predicted psychosocial performance (R2= .53). Results indicate that models of functional performance may be different for men and women. ©1995 John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770180609

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLazarus and Folkman's (1984) theory of stress, coping, and adaptation served as the framework for a path model of quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It was hypothesized that psychosocial variables (depression, anxiety, self‐esteem, optimism, and social support) would mediate the effects of demographic (age, socioeconomic status) and disease (dyspnea, disease severity, and functional status) variables on life quality in COPD. Interview, pulmonary function, and 6‐minute walk test data obtained from 126 subjects with COPD resulted in support for the majority of the hypothesized relationships. Variables having direct effects on life quality were self‐esteem, depression, social support, and age. Anxiety and optimism did not have their hypothesized effects on quality of life, suggesting the need to reconsider their importance in influencing life quality in COPD. ©1995 John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770180610

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResearcher/participant matching has been used in nursing research as a strategy for the development of culturally competent knowledge. In this manuscript, the complexities inherent in matching in nursing research are discussed. In raising and discussing issues and questions related to matching, we argue that although matching may be one of the strategies used to generate culturally competent knowledge, it is frequently too complex for operationalization. Therefore, we propose that researchers reflect on questions related to their knowledge of culture, their cultural sensitivity, and the nature of collaboration during every phase of the research. Reflecting on and responding to these questions in every research project may facilitate the development of more culturally competent knowledge. ©1995 John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770180611

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTriangulation has become increasingly appealing to researchers in nursing as a device to grasp the complexity of human phenomena, operationalize the holistic elan of nursing, and to accommodate both qualitative and quantitative approaches to inquiry. Yet, a misplaced ecumenicism, definitional drift, and conceptual misappropriation are evident in discussions of triangulation, which has become a technique for everything. Moreover, the triangle is somewhat lacking as image and metaphor for qualitative inquiry. As an idea and technique (in)formed by the triangle, triangulation should be used only to refer to a distinctive strategy for confirmation employed within research paradigms in which convergent and consensual validity are valued, and in which it is deemed appropriate to use information from one source to corroborate another. ©1995 John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770180612

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY