ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe development of an instrument measuring attitudes toward black American patients using a semantic differential technique is described. Subjects were 242 white senior students enrolled in baccalaureate degree, associate degree, and diploma nursing programs. The instrument consisted of 20 bipolar adjective scales for positive and negative racial stereotypes. A factor analysis resulted in five factors which accounted for the majority of the variance, with 30.2% for Factor I Evaluation. An alpha reliability of .84 for the same factor revealed a high level of internal consistency. To obtain an attitude score, the eight bipolar adjective scales comprising Factor I were summed and the scores obtained were in the neutral range. There were no significant differences among the attitudes of baccalaureate degree, associate degree, or diploma nursing students. Comparisons also were made between the perceptions of students toward black Americans and toward black American patients, with the latter perceived more favorably.

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA structural model was proposed to explain the stress resulting from hospitalization for a medical problem. Perceived uncertainty about symptoms, treatment, and outcome was examined as a major predictor of stress. Other variables proposed in the model included seriousness of illness, age, education, and recency of rehospitalization. Testing of the model with hospitalized medical patients indicated support for the relationship of uncertainty to stress. Uncertainty also had the predicted mediating role between seriousness of illness and stress. The only other variable supporting the proposed model was age which related inversely to stress. Much of the unexplained variance in the model is attributed to the heterogeneity of diagnoses in the sample. Suggestions for future testing of the model are presented.

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hypothesis for this study was that a verbal advance organizer would increase learning and retention of class content more in subjects with greater field independence and with higher scholastic aptitude. The sample was 43 junior baccalaureate nursing students, randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Sophomore cumulative grade point averages were used as a measure of scholastic aptitude and Group Embedded Figures Test scores as measures of field independence. An expository organizer was presented to experimental subjects and a passage of nonorganizing historical information to control subjects at the beginning of each of six classes. Class quizzes were used to measure initial learning, and end‐of‐unit and final examinations were used to measure intermediate and long range retention of class content. Increased initial learning occurred with exposure to a verbal advance organizer in subjects with above average scholastic ability and below average field independence (p<.05), but intermediate and long‐term retention were not significantly higher in these sub

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe process used by hospitalized chronically ill persons to defend themselves against the demands of an unpredictable and progressive disease was explored. Intensive, unstructured interviews, constant comparative analysis, and theoretical sampling were the methods used. Vying for a winning position was conceptualized as an organizing principle to describe how patients framed the challenge their disease presented and the attitudes developed to meet that challenge. The major categories of the conceptualization included (a) how patients defined and explained their illness; (b) attitudes and behaviors developed in response to, and as a result of, the uncertainty of the disease process; and (c) the manner in which hospitalization expressed patient efforts to foster control and keep ahead of the disease.

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to show that Collins and Fielder (1981) misinterpreted Beckstrand's (1978a, 1978b, 1980) thesis, and to criticize their argument against the idea that theory in nursing can be borrowed from the existing body of scientific and ethical knowledge. Collins and Fielder employed a question‐begging definition of theory and distorted Beckstrand's claim in a way that made it easier to attack. In addition, emotional language and appeals to authority were frequently substituted for careful analysis of the issues. I agree that much of the theory needed in nursing cannot be borrowed even though it is likely to be scientific and ethical in form. As a result, I have tried to give some better reasons for believing that theory needed in nursing cannot be borrowed. In addition, many issues concerning the conception of theory in nursing are addressed in this articl

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of progressive muscle relaxation on blood pressure of hypertensive clients were examined. After collection of baseline data, 22 clients received group relaxation training followed by individual monitoring sessions over a 6‐week period. The 22 persons in the control group did not receive relaxation training. The group instructed in relaxation had a lower mean systolic blood pressure than the nontrained group at 4‐month follow‐up. While the relaxation‐trained group showed a significant decrease in diastolic pressure from baseline to follow‐up, the difference between trained and non‐trained groups at follow‐up was not significant. Relaxation, taught initially in group with individual follow‐up visits, resulted in continued practice of relaxation and subsequent lowering of blood pressure in subjects with essential, uncomplicat

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBereaved, property loss, and control groups (N= 155) were compared 11 months after the volcanic eruption of Mt. St. Helens using standardized instruments and structured interviews. It was hypothesized that the greater the loss the greater the stress and the poorer the health. Bereaved subjects reported significantly higher levels of stress and lower levels of mental health, but not physical health. Persons who lost their permanent homes reported high rates of stress, but did not report significantly higher levels of depression, somatization, or poorer physical health. Conceptual and methodological implications are discussed.

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe focus of this study was a process for selecting variables for assessing curriculum implementation. Three sets of variables, program characteristics, curriculum content, and curriculum emphasis, were measured to determine the degree to which program goals were implemented in 18 continuing education pediatric nurse practitioner programs. Program directors (19) responded to a questionnaire on the three sets of variables. Results from one‐way analysis of variance (α = .05) and omega squared (ø2) were used to identify variables from each of the three sets most likely to account for differences in curriculum implementation among the programs. Three of 11 program characteristics, 5 of 14 content domains, and 3 of 6 emphasis parameters were identified as salient variables for assessing student achievement and long‐term curriculum out

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was designed to test the outcomes of a preoperative teaching program for cholecystectomy patients and to determine the appropriate time to offer the program. The hypotheses were: (a) Patients in a preadmission program will recover better than those in a program given the eve of surgery, and (b) patients in the control group will have a poorer recovery than those in the two experimental groups. The outcomes measured were state‐anxiety, ventilatory function, well‐being, pain, functional ability, analgesics, and length of hospitalization. There were no significant differences between the three groups except in state‐anxiety the eve of surgery which was higher in the control than in the two experimental groups. State‐anxiety the eve of surgery and trait‐anxiety were the most important variables affecting outcomes. There was a positive and significant linear relationship between pre‐ and postoperative st

ISSN:0160-6891    

DOI:10.1002/nur.4770070311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY