ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Winifred Raphael pioneered survey research into nursing problems. In particular she was interested in what patients thought about their care. Her sympathetic approach and her trust in the motivation of nurses resulted in ready acceptance of her findings and an eargemess of nurses to use these findings as a basis for improving their performance. This article discusses the paradox of patients wanting to talk, but staff being reluctant to listen, especially where emotionally charged topics are concerned. Recognition that it may be therapeutic for patients to discuss painful expyeriences and an increasing willingness by nurses to listen to patients may call for a system of providing support for the nurses themselves. Unaided, nurses may find the strain excessive and therefore, in spite of the best intention, may feel obliged to cut the patient off. There is evidence that a change has occurred in recent years in nurses' attitudes to researchers. Whereas early reports reveal a defensiveness and a rejection of critical comments by researchers, recent studies show that patients are less critical of nursing care than the nurses are themselves, and that nurses welcome investigations into their work. Lack of communication with patients is most frequently criticized by patients and by nurses. Because of this nurses increasingly believe that patients may need help to make their views known and increasingly incorporate patient‐advocacy in their rol

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ‘patient’ whether an individual, family or group has multiple human needs. These needs vary with the characteristics of the patient, the state of health/illness and the setting in which care is delivered. Needs may be of a psychological, physical and/or social nature, with dynamic interaction between and within these areas. The patient is part of a large system, the family and society, and here also mutual impact takes place. Time and space take on new meaning in periods of stress and the nurse must be sensitive to the humans needs which grow out of these changed perceptions. Factors which may contribute to meeting patient needs are a systematic method of learning about the patient, basing care on his specific needs, knowledgeable and skilled care givers and an appropriate environm

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A nurse's family background, values and experiences will either positively or negatively affect the kind of care he or she gives. This depends on whether the nurse either has explored his/her background and uses it as a valuable resource or fails to see that it may affect care or even be a restriction to quality care. An individual can take specific steps to use family background as a potent and valuable resource. This paper describes a collection of self‐directed and group exercises developed at the University of British Columbia School of Nursing that can be used to explore family background and hence use it more positivel

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ineffective subordinates exist in various degrees in every organization, whether it be the health‐care field or business. Nursing administration is no exception. This study examines the reasons why ineffective subordinates in nursing administration are retained by hospitals and the coping methods used by superiors in dealing with those subordinates. A questionnaire was used to identify both the reasons for retention and the coping methods used. Additionally, correlation analysis revealed that coping strategies are a function of the supervisor's age, his or her level of management, the perceived prevalence of the number of ineffective subordinates, organizational control of the hospital and various other hospital size factor

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A survey of 97 elderly catheterized patients revealed the catheter‐related problems of leaking, blocking, need for irrigation, odour and irritation. Details were taken of factors thought to be related to the problems and the data were analysed by using stepwise forward multiple regression. Hospital and community patients were found to have different problems. Females in both groups had more problems than males. For hospital patients, larger catheters were found to be associated with most problems, particularly leaking and blocking. For community patients, immobility and daily changing of drainage bags were major problem causers. The common nursing practice of changing to wider‐diameter catheters in an attempt to prevent bypassing is wr

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents the experience of one nursing faculty in revising a baccalaureate programme for registered nurses. Mechanisms used to facilitate the process of curriculum revision and to promote involvement of community agencies as well as faculty members and students are discussed. These mechanisms include use of a core co‐ordinating group (curriculum co‐ordinator, consultant in instructional development, administrative support person) to guide the process, acceptance of a draft; of nursing theory content before proposing specific courses and student and community agency representation on course‐development committees. The revision process is then analysed in relation to change theory. Particular attention is given to the concepts of involving all those affected by the change, maintaining open and effective communication and factors which minimize resis

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A pilot study was undertaken to investigate the reliability of the ‘expert judgement’ exercised in marking state examination papers. Estimates of inter‐rater reliability had a median coefficient of 0–76. Intra‐rater reliability was marginally higher overall, with a median coefficient of 0–81. While marker reliability is only one source of variation in the assessment of extended answers, it is important the level be known. This study provides useful information and guidelines for i

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00317.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As part of a wider study concerned with the changing nurse employment patterns a detailed questionnaire was completed by a total of 2325 qualified female nurses, 841 of whom were working fulltime in nursing, 634 were inactive, 678 were offering their services on a part‐time basis and 172 were working in some other occupation. In a previous article the results of the analysis conducted on the responses to the attitude questions were presented. In this paper the replies to those questions aimed at soliciting the reasons felt to have impacted on the respondent's decision to take up nursing, to stay or to leave the profession and to re‐enter the profession are analysed. As the questionnaires were distributed in the course of two projects separated by 4 years, what is of particular interest is the similarity of the two sets of results. These indicate that there is still a very high level of job satisfaction as evidenced by the extent to which nursing would be recommended to a friend or relative. The primary obvious reason for inactivity is the existence of a young child but when further intentions are explored it is clear that there is a large pool of qualified nurses keen to resume a career the main obstacle being the lack of sufficient flexibility of hours of work

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00318.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This brief literature review covers forty‐eight references from the English‐speaking world and is concerned with three subject areas or questions, which are: In what way are nurses heavy smokers? What particular aspects of nursing may cause nurses to smoke? What influence does a nurse's smoking behaviour have on the effectiveness of the use of nurses in health‐education campaigns specifically designed to decrease smoking? The first part of the article critically examines the assumptions underlying some of the evidence which has already been collected on the question of nurses' supposed heavy cigarette‐smoking consumption. The general point which is made is that few of the social‐research studies concerned with nurses' smoking behaviour seem to be correctly focused. The second part of this review is concerned with some of the issues which may need to be clarified. For example, it is proposed that a distinction should be made between the starting, continuing and stopping of cigarette smoking. Similarly, it is argued that nursing cannot account for the cigarette‐smoking behaviour of nurses who begin nursing as smokers, nor (obviously) for those who never smoke. It is therefore suggested that the emphasis of research could initially be on those who become cigarette smokers while they are becoming nurses. Finally, having accepted Farrell's definition of health education as only including information‐giving, and not behavioural changes, it is argued that any ideas of the use of nurses as health educators in smoking‐cessation work in hospitals will need to be clarified and translated into practical and sensible options which take account of the limitations within the nurse training process, and also the heavy work

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00319.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY