ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18050687.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1993.tb02198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.180506889.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.1805068810.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Social situations make a person vulnerable to mental illness These situations include circumstances such as poverty, family instability and inadequate nutrition A combination of these circumstances predisposes exposed people to developing unhealthy ways of coping with stress Violence is seen as a way of managing stress, but also as a factor causing stress An example of unhealthy ways of stress management in the current South African society is the violence that leads to unrest which has affected different communities in a short space of time The aim of this study was to explore the experience of a community exposed to violence and to identify implications for nursing An exploratory contextual study was undertaken with the purpose of generating meaning regarding the experience of a community characterized by violence The phenomenological method of interviewing was used to gather data The target population consisted of a township community of 228 000 Ten respondents were interviewed in total, selected by the convenience purposive sampling method through intermediaries The interviews were recorded on tape and later transcribed verbatim Data were analysed by the method of content analysis The results were centred on the respondents’ and their families’ experiences of violence since March 1990 The results indicated four types of experiences for all people exposed to violence psychological, spiritual, physical and behavioural experiences The experiences of interactions with the internal environment (psychological, spiritual and physical experience) were predominantly negative, except for only two positive spiritual experiences (improvements in the people's faith and in the employer–employee relationships) On the other hand, experiences of interactions between the internal and external environments, namely behavioural experiences, were both negative and positive The negative experiences included pretence, thuggery, scapegoating and harassment The positive experiences included solidarity, bravery and increased appreciation The presence of positive experiences in both environments brought about new insights, that is, that even though most of their internal environment and part of their external environment is bleak and hopeless, the victims of violence still have the will to survive and live a normal life like other people This positive attitude supplies the psychiatric nuse with a point of entry to bring about positive change that acts as a support for the community exposed to violence Possibilities of applying the results of this study in education, practice and research in the health field became e

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18050691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent years have seen increased attention given to examining the phenomenon of hope in patients with metastatic cancer One of the results of this activity has been a greater appreciation of the significance of hope for the dying patient However, there are many questions about the experience of hope and its impact on the lives of patients with cancer which remain to be answered This paper discusses how hope is currently conceptualized in the nursing literature, and considers the implications that this conceptualization has for how we care for cancer patients Some alternative ways of looking at the experience and the impact of hope are also discussed

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18050701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Referral patterns to a palliative nursing team are examined within the context of the developing role of the service Reasons for referral are identified and a checklist developed to encourage specificity in statement of need on referral Comparison is made with the assessment of the Macmillan nurse on assessment Use of the checklist encouraged greater awareness of need There was no correlation between the referrers’ perceived needs and the Macmillan nurses’ assessments on visiting The literature supports the need for more explicit referral criteria based on needs assessment There are implications for greater awareness of roles, better communication regarding intervention, and organizational re

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18050707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Disruptions in physical activities (functional status) were measured over a 1‐month period in 24 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer with the Karnofsky Performance Status Index and two patient self‐report measures Changes over time were noted for the whole group, and mean scores of the treated subgroup were compared with an untreated cohort Prior weight loss was significantly associated with baseline functional status Age was not significantly associated with degree of functional disruption, though 42% of the sample was aged65years or older The greatest disruptions in physical activity were noted in ambulation A third of the sample had difficulty walking one block or more Serious fatigue was experienced by 79% of the subjects and 44% had difficulty with household chores Only 21% were completely satisfied with their level of activity Pain improved in the treated subjects over time Despite no significant differences at baseline, untreated subjects had more limitations in physical activities than treated subjects over time All three instruments were significantly correlated Careful monitoring of physical difficulties may help nurses focus interventions and decrease the physical distress associated with illness and treatment In this study, those receiving chemotherapy did not experience significantly greater physical dysfunction In fact, the untreated patients, who might not receive vigilant nursing assessment, demonstrated greater physical d

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18050714.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the past 25 years the theory and research base for patient education has become considerably richer Definition of a core of educative functions has now been accomplished for most major disease entities or health problems, and standards of practice developed for a few In the United States, there is very inadequate information about the degree to which patient education is delivered, and institutional supports for it seem to have varied with fiscal conditions The reimbursement system for health care has not explicitly supported patient education or the outcomes it could achieve While there has been growth in instructional approaches, it would be charitable to say that there is a broad and well‐informed view of potential approaches or an organized research and development function to get these approaches on line If predictions of patient focus for business and ethical reasons are realized, a major shift in environment could occur, supportive of patient education Clearly, there is little evidence that patient education represents a mature technology or that it is delivered at acceptable standards to all those who need it Patient education content in key nursing textbooks published between 1988 and 1992 is analysed to examine the degree and character of conceptual penetrati

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18050725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As the year 2000 looms closer, the emphasis on health education as a means of attaining the 38 targets for ‘Health for All’ increases Despite various initiatives, little, if any, progress has been made in narrowing the health divide Currently, terms such as ‘self‐care',‘individual responsibility’ and ‘community empowerment’ are often used with emphasis on individual freedom to choose The author contends that to assume all individuals have that freedom and act voluntarily, is to deny the impact of social structure on health Health education and the concept of voluntarism will be critically examined from the perspective of nursing in an accident and emer

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1993.18050731.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY