ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1980.tb00974.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

If the nursing profession is to continue to make advancements, it must envision new ways of perceiving the phenomena peculiar to nursing and must propose meaningful explanations for these perceptions. The approaches to nursing theory development are spread out over a theory practice continuum, ranging from Martha Roger's pure scientific approach to Dickoff and James’ practice approach. The very existence of this continuum signifies nursing's problem in deciphering the nature of the relationship between nursing theory and nursing practice. While the development of nursing theory is essential to the establishment of a theoretical body of knowledge unique to nursing as a science, this must not be its only function. Theory development must be integrated with nursing practice if the profession is to survive and gro

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1980.tb00975.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method, route and problems relating to the gaining of access to research data or respondents in discussed. In seeking permission to gather data from patients and staff in Scottish psychiatric hospitals, using Flanagan's Critical Incident Technique, a number of problems were encountered,viz.(i) the varying administrative levels to which the first formal request for entry had to be made; (ii) the varying routes which had to be followed in order to gain permission, and (iii) the time taken to obtain access to data sources. The problems, their possible consequences, and a number of long and short term recommendations are made. If implemented, these may go some way toward minimizing the difficulties associated with gaining access to data sources. The long term recommendations, including improved nurse representation on existing research and ethical committees, are directed to those who shape and influence policies relating to research practice generally. The short term recommendations are directed to the nurse researcher who is seeking access to field sites, with a view to minimizing problems relating to this aspect of planning and carrying out research activity.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1980.tb00976.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The organization of the way in which hospitals and hospital staff provide a service to patients is obviously of critical importance to their effectiveness, yet it is clear that rigidities and inappropriate and ineffective procedures frequently intrude. It is commonly held that changing hospitals as organizations is difficult to accomplish, and indeed, reported attempts at such change reflect this. The project reported here was a successful attempt at changing a number of different aspects of the culture of a psychiatric hospital which included managerial practices and structure, aspects of patient care, multidisciplinary team work, and staff development. The present paper concentrates on some specific outcomes at ward level.The general pattern for bringing about change involves the collection of (valid) data and then feeding this back to the staff involved so that they can take appropriate action. The data discussed here concerned ward nursing staff's attitude to the ‘climate’ of the hospital, their job satisfaction and aspects of patient care. This was fed back to nursing, managerial and medical staff, and action plans were agreed to overcome the difficulties highlighted. Outcomes have included the production of ward and unit objectives and changes in treatment programmes and aspects of patient care on the wa

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1980.tb00977.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Behavioural techniques are increasingly being applied in the geriatric field as part of a broader emphasis on psychological and social treatments in the care of the elderly. The nurse is in the best position to analyse a patient's performance and manage an intervention programme; however, some nurses have had little experience of autonomously diagnosing problems and setting performance goals.The authors argue that it is important to set such goals and give examples of how performance may be objectively specified, prerequisites made explicit, criteria forsuccessdefined and the consequences of goal attainment or non‐attainment discussed with those most concerned.A complex situation drawn from the geriatric setting which was used as part of a teaching workshop to help nurses define suitable targets for intervention is described in the Appendi

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1980.tb00978.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is an account of a pilot multidisciplinary course in geriatric care for medical, nursing and physiotherapy students at The Middlesex Hospital, London. The course organization, content and evaluation methods are described. A problem‐solving approach to shared learning is discussed and the author argues for the development of similar teaching programme

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1980.tb00979.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Central Coast Programme is considered to have begun in December 1969 with the arrival and commitment of Dr Donald Scott‐Orr (specialist psychiatrist) in the Central Coast, and with the parallel commitment of the then Medical Superintendent of Morisset Hospital, Dr Howard Gorton to support the development of a regional programme for the Central Coast. It was decided not to re‐establish any clinics and so avoid waiting lists. There was an emphasis on groups as a means of interaction and a family orientation in the work.In the early years the role of the nurse was changing. Initially, the extramural role was expected by the hospital to be ‘following‐up’ patients. However, the service was based on commitment to a community rather than hospital. Increasingly the nurses’ work was directly referred to them independently of hospital admissions. Staff visited general practitioners (GPs) on the Central Coast in their surgeries and regular letters were sent keeping the GPs informed of changes in the service. Consultations and transactions were recorded on referral forms and files were opened on all persons concerning whom the service was consulted. A client's name was always linked with the name of their general practitioner who was encouraged to make telephone contact freely to seek consultative support in connection with problems in their practice.Priority for crisis intervention and orientation towards family and group was backed up by domiciliary visits and widespread communication and consultation. The attempt was made to use therapeutic community principles for the in‐patient programme. The processes of care were seen as being as important as the content of care in assuring an optimum quality care.There is a continuing need to focus on the flexible interchange between intra‐ and extramural staff in providing continuity for clients in care and integration with primary care services and agencies. In January 1978 Dr Max Chapman was appointed director of the psychiatric and mental health services on the Central Coast and he is currently i

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1980.tb00980.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To consider commitment by the nurse requires reflection upon what is the unique and particular role and function of nursing in achieving optimum support for patients requiring the help of health care agencies.Excellence in this role and function can only be judged by the quality of care actually delivered to patients. It is useless to boast of excellent teaching programmes, a first class nursing management structure or a flourishing nursing research unit if the standards of nursing practice do not directly reflect the contribution of such agencies.In this paper the author considers the present, apparently subordinate role, of the clinical nurse and suggests that if nurses have a commitment to nursing then they must begin to re‐establish the position of the clinical nurse as equal to that of her colleagues in other spheres of nursing. Possible ways in which this can be achieved are outlined together with the support that will be required from colleagues in nursing education, management and researc

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1980.tb00981.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To assess their potential as health educators 785 female hospital nurses (trained nurses, learners, auxiliaries and nursery nurses) were asked, by means of a postal questionnaire, to give their opinion of three measures of cancer control–the cervical smear test, breast self‐examination (BSE) and not smoking. Eighty‐four % thought the cervical smear test of definite value, 68% had this opinion of BSE, but only 59% thought that it was of definite value not to smoke. Most nurses saw all three measures as having some degree of benefit as few rejected any measure as being of no value. Factors related to whether they regarded a particular measure as being of definite, rather than a lesser degree of value, included (but not necessarily always for all measures) grade, training, age, professional experience of cancer nursing, acceptance of the curability of cancer, knowledge of survival rates, likelihood of reading an article about cancer, and smoking behaviour. It is suggested that nurses’ relative assessment of the measures is not based on the intrinsic value of the measures themselves, but on the nurses’ personal health behaviour and on the perceived difficulty in undertaking a measure. Furthermore, additional barriers to nurses’ likelihood of recommending such measures to others include: lack of understanding of, and skills in health education and an inadequate knowledge base. Thus, simply exhorting nurses to engage in health education is unlikely to succeed. The barriers described have to be taken into account and in particular nurses need to be taught health educa

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1980.tb00982.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1980.tb00983.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY