ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20040583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20040585.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20040585-9.x

出版商:Blackwell Science Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The biological model has become the touchstone for our thinking on mental disorder The success of this model has relegated opposing views to the sidelines Philosophers have been considering the nature of mind for well over 2500 years, and then‐ speculations may provide a useful antidote to the creeping reductionism and materialism inherent in simple biology The emphasis in philosophical theories is on the nature of the mental and the structuring role of the mind in our construction of reality This paper focuses on three philosophers, Kant, Heidegger and Husserl, and their contribution to our understanding of the nature of psychopathology The biological theory is re‐examined from the differing perspectives offered, and some of the assumptions on which it is based are subjected to criticism The emphasis, found in the philosophical theories, on the mental as opposed to the physiological aspects of the mind, is considered to be more germane to the practical and therapeutic concerns of those who must deal with the dis‐ease of mental di

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20040587.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This descriptive study investigated the relationship between both demographic characteristics and type of health care setting and elderly people's attributions for control, functional status, mood, type of helplessness, and perception of self‐efficacy Results of the study demonstrate that elderly people in long‐term care settings are more vulnerable to experiencing learned helplessness and depression than elderly people in acute or rehabilitation settings The findings indicate that the critical penod for the development of learned helplessness and depression is for subjects with a length of stay of 7 weeks to 6 months The study supports other research which concludes that depression in elderly people is better explained by the original learned helplessness theory rather than being related to attributions about the cause of loss of con

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20040597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Drawing on a sample of 76 nurses from two health authorities working in acute medical or acute care of elderly patient wards, a quantitative approach was taken to compare their attitudes A questionnaire which identified possible predictors of attitude, knowledge about older people (via a modified Palmore's Facts on Ageing Quiz) and attitudinal disposition (via Kogan's Old People Scale) was distributed Results indicated a statistically significant difference (P=003) in attitudes, with elderly care nurses scoring more favourably Factors which might explain such a finding are identified, namely post‐basic gerontological education, age of respondent and knowledge of older people, and their relative influences discussed Conclusions are based on the premise that any variation based on specialist area is unacceptable since care of older people is now within every nurse's remit, and suggested interventions are outlin

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20040605.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Meals in geriatric institutions are often served in a dining room The elderly patients — endowed with theor socialized table manners and diet habits — who enter this milieu are affected by diseases and handicaps, reducing their ability to eat In the present study individual patients’ meals in geriatric care institutions were studied with respect both to nursing staffs’ intentions and assessments of patients, as well as to those patients’ expenences and the amount of influence they expected to have The research approach was ethnographic Eighteen newly admitted, mentally orientated patients and their primary enrolled nurses were allocated The results indicated that the idea of both the nurses and the elderly patients was to reach a meal situation that was as natural and independent as possible Compared with the elderly patients, the nursing staff had broader standards for acceptable table manners, and carried out collective dining of all 18 The elderly patients strove to behave in accordance with their standards and suffered because of their own limited eating competence and the experience of other patients’ problems The elderly patients avoided expressing their needs, and some enrolled nurses thought they were prying if they asked questions about such issues These different, culturally dependent, perceptions resulted in care that was not congruent with the needs of the elde

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20040613.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dyspnoea, also referred to as breathlessness, is a concern of nurses in most clinical settings Nursing interventions are directed toward preventing or treating dyspnoea in a timely manner Even though dyspnoea is a common phenomenon found in clinical settings and discussed in the literature, it has not been added formally to the list of diagnoses developed by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, most likely because it is an isolated, observable sign However, breathlessness, the related construct, is a distinctly different phenomenon from dyspnoea The terms dyspnoea and breathlessness are used interchangeably in the literature Traditionally, dyspnoea is defined as difficult or laboured breathing observable to another person Breathlessness is the subjective feeling of laboured breathing with and without dyspnoea and/or abnormal pulmonary functions These authors submit that the nursing diagnosis of breathlessness consists of two essential defining criteria, the subjective feeling of difficulty in breathing and anxiety, in the presence or absence of dyspnoea and/or abnormal pulmonary functions A biopsychosocial model is presented to guide research and nursing care for individuals who experience breathlessness

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20040622.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although most health care providers now recognize the importance of crisis intervention, support, and/or treatment for survivors of violence and abuse, such care is compromised unless early detection becomes a routine part of intake and assessment protocols in nursing and other facets of health care This paper describes the development of a tool to assist nurses and other primary care providers with routine assessment for victimization in diverse health and mental health settings It includes outcomes of preliminary validity and reliability studies, and concludes with suggestions for use in clinical work with victims/survivors of abuse in an era of increasing international concern regarding the health implications of violence

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20040627.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is an exploratory study using qualitative methods to investigate and highlight psychosocial needs as perceived by individuals who have survived an attempted suicide through self‐poisoning Respondents consisted of a convenience sample of six people (three male and three female) Data were collected through interviews and analysed using the principles of content analysis devised by Field and Morse Major needs identified include the need to be loved, the need to maintain a high level of self‐esteem, the need to have control of one's life and the need to be supported Findings indicate that these needs are not being met by the current mental health care delivery system In addition, nurses must begin to pay greater attention to assessment and planning of care for this group of patients A wider use of psychosocial therapies such as crisis intervention and family therapy are urgently required Above all there is a need for more in‐depth understanding and improved communication with patients who have attempted suicide by self‐p

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20040635.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY