ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02921.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02922.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Pain Coping Style Inventory (PCSI) is an instrument designed to measure the pain coping style of individuals It is based on the pain coping model and typology described by Copp A study with a convenience sample of 145 university graduates, undergraduates, and faculty revealed a Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of 0 90, adequate stability, and a nine factor analysis solution representing 57% of the variance Four of Copp's five coping styles are clearly defined by the factor analysis interactive, reactive, combatant, and victim Five more coping styles are named contractor, distractor, spiritual coping, substance users, and mind over matter The development and piloting of the PCSI is a step towards empowering the nurse with the ability to provide patients with individualized pain coping strategies

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02923.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The way in which discourses influence understandings of pain and the management of pain by nurses has received little attention in the nursing literature This is particularly apparent with the taken‐for‐granted practice of using self‐reports of pain as the basis for the development of treatment regimes designed to manage that pain This paper uses a post‐structural frame to analyse the way in which pain itself, and the management of that pain, are texts which are discursively constructed In so doing it opens up possibilities for a ‘different’ nursing role in the manage

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02924.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Postoperative patients differ in their response to pain and opioids It is therefore important that nurses offer other options as adjuvants to medication Relaxation and music may reduce pain by interrupting the postoperative cycle of pain, muscle tension and sympathetic activity This review summarizes and critiques studies on the effectiveness of relaxation and music use during postoperative pain Relaxation and music were effective in reducing affective and observed pain in the majority of studies, but they were less often effective in reducing sensory pain or opioid intake However, the between‐study differences in surgical procedures, experimental techniques, activities during testing, measurement of pain, and amount of practice make comparisons difficult Furthermore, within studies, the problems of inadequate sample size, lack of random assignment, no assurance of pretest equivalence, delayed post‐test administration and no control for opiates at the time of testing reduces the validity of the studies' conclusions Randomized controlled studies of the types of relaxation and music that are most helpful to postoperative patients should be explored in various cont

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02925.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty‐four family caregivers of bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients were interviewed to describe the burden of care and health outcomes (anxiety, depression, symptom distress and fatigue) A descriptive correlational research design with repeated measures was used Data were collected in a conference room in the oncology unit of a midwestern university hospital using a battery of questionnaires Questionnaires were administered pre‐BMT (prior to the patient's hospitalization) and 5 and 20 days post‐BMT Objective burden remained at a similar level throughout the study (mean range 31 4 to 32 9), whereas subjective burden was highest pre‐BMT (mean range 25 3–21 7) Significant correlations were found between objective burden and all health outcomes (P<0 01 to P<0 001) on day 5 Symptom distress was significantly correlated to subjective burden pre‐BMT and to both types of burden on days 5 and 20 Results of this study suggest that family caregivers of BMT patients may experience more objective burden than subjective burden, and that burden of care may contribute to negative health outcomes, especially on day 5 post‐BMT Interventions designed to reduce sources of caregiver burden and negative health outcomes should be planned according to critical time periods of the BMT patient's h

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02926.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The word dignity is used frequently in nursing and is deemed important to maintain or promote in patients Its meaning, however, remains unclear This paper uses the model of concept analysis described by Chinn and Kramer to further clarify the concept and develop the ideas of Mains A tentative definition and indicators are suggested to ascertain if dignity is present in a given interaction and context Dignity is found to be connected to the shared humanity of patient and nurse, whilst acknowledging the uniqueness of individuals It emerges through the analysis that, in order to effectively promote the dignity of patients, the nurse should also possess dignity

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02927.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although the literature seems to suggest that the caring professions have embraced a view of the ‘whole’ person, there are some important weaknesses in current models and practices Nurses, as people, are often left out of the care equation To offer creative and rounded care, nurses need to accept all aspects of both their own personalities and those of their clients This exploratory paper argues that aesthetics and the arts are influential forces in all our lives, however, despite this, they are rarely discussed explicitly in the nursing literature The value of aesthetics and the arts to the nursing profession is introduced and explored through reflections on the concept of emp

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02928.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the pre‐school years sleep problems are one of the most common subjects on which parents seek advice from health professionals In the majority of cases a sleepless child causes significant stress within the family, and if parents do not obtain sufficient sleep this can have a detrimental effect on then: physical and emotional well‐being In a small number of cases a child who wakes frequently and will not settle back to sleep may be at risk of physical abuse In recent years it has been suggested that it may be possible to prevent sleep problems developing by providing parents with advice in the post‐natal period Parents have stated that they find this type of intervention helpful, however, there has been no attempt to establish whether a preventive approach is effectiveThe aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of health education in reducing the incidence of sleep problems Adopting an experimental approach, participants were randomly allocated to a control group or an intervention group Parental knowledge of sleep and settling behaviour was manipulated when the children in the intervention group were 3 months old The sleeping behaviour of the infants in both groups was compared 6 months later, when the children were 9 months old Data was collected from 86 families in the intervention group and 83 families in the control group A comprehensive analysis of the sleeping behaviour demonstrated that a significantly smaller percentage of babies in the intervention group had settling and night‐waking difficulties than in the contr

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Utilizing a prospective longitudinal design, the recovery pattern of 91 heart patients was followed for the first 8 weeks following coronary artery by‐pass graft surgery The patients' perceived and actual performance of walking, their resumption of roles, and social support and family functioning were measured pre‐operatively and at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively Findings indicate that recovery is swift in terms of health and physical functioning, somewhat more time‐consuming in terms of role functioning, and delayed with regard to work‐related role activities Contrary to American findings, the heart surgery recovery process did not significantly affect family functioning in this Norwegian sample Social support was experienced as high throughout the recovery period, with spouses and children being the main p

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb02930.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY