ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1987.tb01348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The nursing profession has the opportunity to choose one of two alternate paths as it enters the 21st century. One is a dependent path the other is independent. By virtue of a licence nurses have authority to practice their profession independently. Yet some nurses, health care policy makers, and administrators of institutions and agencies, formulate and implement roles and activities for nurses in order to fulfil the aims of medicine and institutional bureaucracy. This problem ‘forces’ nursing to travel a dependent path. A view is set forth that the problem stems from the collective failure of nursing to articulate and implement a function and product distinct from that of medicine and of other professions. Making this distinction is critical to the charting of an independent path. Nursing's past and present are examined in terms of the service nursing does in fact provide for society. This operationally defined role of nursing is presented in marked contrast to the definition of nursing currently being promulgated by the American Nurses’ Association. Collective articulation of a distinct function and product are set forth as a prerequisite for nurses to assume professional authority as they practise. This will safeguard consumers of professional nursing as well as the work and future of nursing as an independent profe

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1987.tb01349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes the development of a methodology to study the relationship between quality of care received by patients and the quality of the ward as a learning environment for nurses in training. Firstly, the literature review and background literature to the research question are described. Secondly, the methodology or rationale for the choice of methods is discussed. Key research perspectives include (a) the role of the participant observer in generating low level grounded theory or working hypotheses and (b) triangulation of the data using a multi‐method approach. The organization of the project is outlined schematically and the research setting and data collection described. The final section of the paper discusses preliminary findings as illustrative of the grounded theory approach, i.e. the analysis of the data as they are collected and the formulation of working hypotheses to be tested and developed as the research progresse

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1987.tb01350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper addresses the relevance of research to practice under two headings using a policy analysis perspective. Firstly, the relationship of knowledge to action is considered within the context of a piece of longitudinal research into the welfare of children in hospital. The general difficulties of research application are discussed in terms of the different problem perceptions and time scales held by the policy makers who commission research, and the researchers themselves. The example cited demonstrates a useful compromise. The practical consequences arising from the distinct epistemological premises which underpin research into the natural and social worlds of nursing are considered. Secondly, the constraints on achieving research‐based action are described briefly in terms of the resources of time, manpower and funding. It is concluded that an awareness of both conceptual and practical issues is essential in order to comprehend fully the complexity of, and the necessity for, a range of research approaches to nursing issue

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1987.tb01351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Orlando's theory, proposed as a framework to use in problematic situations, was analysed using Dewey's theory of inquiry. This analysis revealed that Orlando's concepts are remarkably similar to those of Dewey. Each used an organizing principle that was derived from the meaning of experience and both view investigation as a serial process using facts and ideas to determine the problem and its solution. Several areas in Orlando's work could be enhanced and extended through the formulations of Dewey. The analysis supports the use of Orlando's theory in problematic situations.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1987.tb01352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of the study was to investigate the significance of psychosocial screening and psychosocial support in antenatal care. Different methods were used. Three hundred and sixty‐four pregnant women participated. There was no increase in obstetrical complications, premature births or growth retardation among the infants born to mothers with a high life stress score. A correlation between smoking and reduced birth weight was noted. Most women claimed that they had reduced their alcohol intake already before their first visit to the antenatal clinic. Those women who attended the most extensive psychosocial care had the most favourable attitudes towards the antenatal care. There was a positive correlation between intensive psychosocial support and sickness allowance. The question is raised whether all pregnant women should have the right to be out of work during the last 2 months of pregnancy without reduction of parent's allowance benefi

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1987.tb01353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the effectiveness of senior nursing students’ immediate responses to patients is influenced by type of distress presented by patients or by type of student degree programme. Forty‐four ADN and 31 BSN seniors from four schools agreed to participate. Subjects viewed two videotaped simulations of ‘patients’ complaining of pain and two of ‘patients’ manifesting emotional distress. Content validity of simulations was established through nurse experts. After each tape, subjects answered four research questions based on Orlando's nursing process concept. The fourth question asked what subjects would say initially to ‘the patient’. The data revealed eight response categories which were scored according to their congruence with Orlando's concepts. Independent categorization of responses yielded a 0.92 interrelated reliability; t‐tests indicated that type of distress was related to response effectiveness (P0.01). The presumed emphasis on communication and psychosocial foundations in BSN curricula may not translate into more effective exploratory skills in these students. These skills are a key component of the complex assessment skills which enable nurses to ‘diagnose human responses’ to health problems. Orlando's model is recommended for teaching BSN students to conceptualize the interactional

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1987.tb01354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two different relaxation techniques in the management of postoperative pain. The sample consisted of 40 women between the ages of 21 and 65 years who were undergoing elective cholecystectomy. Using an experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to four groups: an experimental group who received a taped recording of a rhythmic breathing exercise (RB); an experimental group who received a taped recording of Benson's Relaxation Technique (BRT); an attention‐distraction control group (CA) who received a taped recording of a history of the hospital; and a standard control (CB) group who had only the routine perioperative care which all groups received. Data were collected on postoperative sensation and distress at five time points during the first 72 postoperative hours, number of doses of analgesic medication during the same time period, and number of postoperative hospital days. Data were analysed using multivariate and univariate analyses of variance. The BRT group was significantly different from the CA group on a combined sensation and distress factor (P= 0.011). No significant differences were found among groups for doses of analgesics (P= 0.068) or postoperative hospital days (P= 0.56

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1987.tb01355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A model for the assessment of eating problems in patients with Parkinson's disease was constructed on the basis of literature about eating and Parkinson's disease. The model is based on the World Health Organization's classification of disabilities and handicaps and on the Erikson theory of ‘eight stages of man

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1987.tb01356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

While there has been speculation in the literature about what life with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is like, patients have not, prior to this study, been asked about their perceptions. This paper reports the results of a study which measured the impact of having IBD on eight lifestyle variables. Eighty IBD patients completed the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Stress Index. Results showed that although the impact of IBD on relationships, school and employment, recreational activities, sexuality, psychosomatic symptomatology, body image and worry was minimal, the patients’ satisfaction with life was impaired as a result of having IBD. Rationale for this discrepancy and the significance of the findings for nurses are presente

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1987.tb01357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY