ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00324.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most definitions, or descriptions of nursing emphasize that it is an interpersonal activity focusing on the understanding of the patient as an individual. In addition, such descriptions highlight not only the caring aspect of the role of nursing but also the health maintenance and rehabilitation aspects. The paper discusses the fact that despite these definitions, nursing is still task orientated, largely based on the medical model and hidebound by tradition. Suggestions are made of ways in which this approach may be altered. The use of the nursing process, the concept of the primary nurse and the developing of empathetic understanding being some of the ways in which individualized care may become a reality. The adherence to tradition highlights that nurses are the greatest hindrance to progress in nursing.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00325.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP), a frequent finding in head trauma and other cerebral pathology, poses a serious threat to patients' prognosis and recovery. While considerable attention has been given to medical therapies used in reducing ICP, only recently has nursing looked at the effect care specific activities may have. In this descriptive and observational study of nine patients with cranial pathology and a Richmond bolt for measuring ICP, findings confirmed that nursing activities and environmental factors are associated with pressure increases. Respiratory care activities (mean 12–7 mmHg) and repositioning (mean 12–6 mmHg) resulted in the highest increases while lesser increases were associated with doing neuroassessments (mean 7 2 mmHg) and spontaneous movements (mean 7–9 mmHg) of the patient. When the conversation was directed to the patient, the pressure increased in 33 of the 86 observations (mean 8–6 mmHg), in 21 of the 35 conversations about the patient, the mean pressure increase was 9–03 mmHg. Because many activities occurred simultaneously, it was difficult to derive the extent of elevation associated with a specific activity. Findings from this study and studies by other nurse researchers suggest actions nurses can use to minimize pressure increases. Many areas for further st

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00326.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00327.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concept of caring is fundamental to our understanding of human nature. A philosophical examination of the concept in a particular context by analytical and phenomenological methods, may help to characterize the responsibilities and potentialities of caring. The concept of caring as applied to nursing has both an activities and an attitudes aspect. The latter is complex in particular, involving cognitive, moral and emotional factors. Attention, perception and recognition of fundamental moral values such as respect for persons are discussed, prior to an attempt to elucidate the emotional components of caring further. Whilst it is evident that liking or affection for a patient may be contingently present in nursing care, perhaps compassion and gratitude may also be generated by the nurse‐patient relationship, where certain benefits of understanding can also accrue to the nurse. The development of such relationships implies a long‐term caring context, severely at odds with many institutional and economic pressures to

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00328.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The traditional curriculum in nurse education has tended to emphasize the acquisition of knowledge and practical skills and to ignore, for the most part, close examination of the social and moral dimensions of the nuree's role. The authors suggest that we ought to include a much more substantial consideration of moral issues in the nurse education and, in particular, they argue that Kohlberg's model of moral development could provide a theoretical framework. This model is based on a cognitive‐developmental approach in which an individual's level of reasoning is assessed by the use of a variety of hypothetical dilemmas. Kohlberg claims to identify six qualitatively distinct stages and argues that the transition from one stage to the next results from the individual's active attempts to resolve conflicts arising from moral dilemmas. Some suggestions are made about the ways in which discussion of moral dilemmas might be incorporated within a moral reasoning module in the nurse education curriculum and proposals are made for methods of teaching such a modul

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00329.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study of 20 mothers was conducted to determine the cognitive operations used by Chinese mothers in conceptual behaviour toward their newborn infants. Mothers' spontaneous speech, referring to the newborn infants during the feeding sessions, comprised the data for analysis. A total of 2300 records of behaviour were produced as mothers used orienting, evaluating and delineating operations in conceptualizing their newborn infants. Four aspects of the newborn infant namely, appearance, physical state, body function and social characteristics were important to these new mothers. Mothers tended to use orienting behaviour more frequently (P<0.001) than both evaluating and delineating behaviours as they conceptualized irfants' body functions and physical state. Delineating behaviour was significantly (P<0.001) more important in relation to infants' appearance than to other aspects of the infants. Mothers' parity seemed to be a significant variable (P<0.05) only when mothers evaluate the infants' appearance. Comparison between Chinese and American maternal conceptual behaviour revealed that American mothers, in general, tended to use evaluating and delineating behaviour more frequently than Chinese mothers; but no significant difference in using orienting behaviour was found. As for the four aspects of the infant, there was no significant difference in two groups as they conceptualized infants' appearance and social characteristics. However, a significant difference (P<0.05) was found in relation to infants' physical state and body functions.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00330.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article reports on part of a descriptive study of recovery from hysterectomy which was set within a cognitive‐phenomenological theory of coping. Women's pessimistic beliefe in old wives' tales and the possible effects of hysterectomy were modified as they experienced operation and recovery! The majority made a good recovery in health and activity terms, and according to their own assessments. However information provided by staff and social support from partners, families and friends were low in quality and quantity, and the data includes some evidence that lack of support may have interfered with progress after hysterectomy. Implications of the study for nursing practice and research are discussed in conclusio

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines some of the data obtained from the Joint Board of Clinical Nursing Studies Course Number 650, which ran at the Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals, London, 1978–1979. During this particular training programme, eight nurse therapist trainees treated a total of 251 patients assessed as suitable for behaviour therapy. Data were collected from patients by trainees on four separate occasions; before treatment, after treatment, and at follow‐up intervals of 1 and 6 months. It was suggested that therapists would vary systematically in terms of the assessment scores used to measure outcome. This was explored using analysis of variance techniques, where several treatment outcome measures were used as dependent variables. The analyses, which were undertaken using SPSS and GLIM computer packages, clearly demonstrated therapist variability. The results are discussed within the theoretical framework of Sudman&Brabum's (1974) interviewing model and O'Muircheartaigh&Wiggins' (1981) consideration of response errors. The implications for the selection and training of nurse therapists are presented. The final conclusion of the paper is that, although the patient's clinical outcome may be related to therapist allocation, the eight trainees allowed themselves to ‘open’ their activities to this evaluative approach – which in turn demonstrates their profes

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The value of coronary care units in reducing mortality has been questioned in recent years. However, nurses working in such units have acquired considerable specialist knowledge about coronary artery disease and the psychological problems of patients requiring intensive care. During the 1970s several formal studies of patient management and secondary prevention were developed and reported by nurses. In this review these findings and their effects on patients, relatives and nursing staff are discussed.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY