ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was conducted to determine if a nursing intervention designed to teach primiparas about their infants' behaviours and abilities would ease their transition to the maternal role. Data were collected at 3 days and 3 weeks postpartum from a relatively homogeneous sample of 16 control mothers and 15 experimental mothers. The intervention was presented to each experimental participant on the third postpartum day. Effectiveness ofthe intervention was determined by measuring maternal anxiety, using the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, and concern about infant care and adjustment to the maternal life style, using the Postnatal Research Inventory revised by Ellis and Hewat. Additional data were also collected from hospital records, a demographic questionnaire, and an informal interview conducted at 3 weeks postpartum. Although the outcome measures demonstrated no statistically significant differences, the conclusions support the need for a predictive framework which would help nurses identify mothers who may have difficulty during the transition to the maternal rol

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Social support has been widely studied within cultures as a variable that is protective of health and mental health, either directly or as a buffer against life stress. When research is conducted across cultures, several conceptual and methodological issues emerge. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the conceptual basis for assuming that social support is a universal phenomenon, to suggest areas in which manifestations of social support may be culturespecific, and to present methodological issues that need to be addressed in conducting valid international research on social support.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study tested hypotheses concerning the development of self‐image and professional orientations among students of nursing in two Israeli schools (n = 235), one of which was religiously affiliated and the other secular. The study involved a longitudinal comparison of attitudes at the beginning of the programme of study and after 3 months, and a cross‐sectiotial comparison ofthe attitudes of students in each ofthe 3 years ofthe nursing programme. Based on a review ofthe literature, we predicted that the student's self‐image and her image ofthe ideal professional nurse would grow more congruent during her studies. In addition, we predicted that her image of the ideal professional and the image held by her instructor would grow more congruent. The latter hypothesis was partly supported by the panel data and strongly supported by the cross‐sectional data, whereas the hypothesis concerning self‐image and professional image was not supported. No support was found for two other hypotheses predicting that religious students would show a greater tendency towards the expected changes. Instead we found that the gap between the religious students' professional image and that held by their instructors was greater than it was for the secular students. Moreover, the supervisors in the religious school had different images of the profession than their secular cou

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper traces the development ofthe concept of nursing diagnosis and the various approaches being used to explain the cognitive processes used by practitioners in diagnosing patient problems. Three main types of explanation are compared; hypothesis generation/testing, decision analysis, and the information processing model. The recent development ofthe latter approach within the field of artificial intelligence is described and expert system research introduced. Finally, the potential benefits ofthe advent of expert systems into nursing are discussed.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three research strategies for assessing the community health needs ofthe elderly population of an urban neighbourhood are described. Two primary research strategies, survey and ethnography, are contrasted with the types of health‐related information available from the Census of Population and Housing. Different types of data emerged from each research strategy with census and survey data providing a global portrait ofthe community, and ethnographic data yielding more detail about the place of health in the lived experience of older resident

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The literature review has been carried out to examine the role of nurses as patient teachers. It attempts to determine why patient education is necessary and why it should be part ofthe nurse's role. Included is an account ofthe abilities required by the nurse in order to function in that role. It is generally agreed that it is part ofthe nurse's role to educate patients but this is often not carried out in reality. Where it is done it is mostly unplanned and haphazard in manner and the effectiveness uncertain. There are many reasons cited why this is the case and many of these reasons relate to the inadequate education and training of nurses for this role. Registered nurses are responsible for the nursing care of patients which should include their education. In order to be able to provide the necessary education nurses must have the opportunity to be taught to develop the appropriate skills during basic training. As a result, a study is now underway to attempt to determine the extent to which student nurses are being prepared for their role as patient educators during basic training.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Careless or eonfused use of terms sueh as information giving, teaehing and eounselling may lead to inadequate understanding and practice. In view ofthe progress made in this area, designed to help patients eope with illness and treatment, this paper aims to elarify and identify similarities and differenees between these aetivities and discuss their relevance for those in most need of these types of eare. Having recognised the complexity and persistence of sueh needs, patients,* their relatives and nurses should perhaps decide their respective roles and work towards improving the quality of and opportunities for sueh interventions.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Seventy‐six wives ofpatients suffering a first myocardial infarction were studied by questionnaire 6 weeks after their husbands went home. Despite the routine provision of support and information to spouses during their husband's stay in hospital, a high proportion reported physical and emotional symptoms of stress. The majority of wives felt they were poorly informed about myocardial infarction, had not had enough opportunity to ask the experts questions, and had received most support from relatives. The reasons for thesefindings are discussed and suggestions for early and systematic nursing intervention are made in an attempt to reduce stress and prevent the development of unhealthy patterns of behaviou

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Hyperkinesis refers to a combination of traits that typically include: overactivity; restlessness; short attention span; distractability; low frustration tolerance; impulsiveness. Its aetiology and prevalence have not been established but associating problems underscore the importance of early identification and treatment. Theories about aetiology relate to minimal brain damage, heredity, temperament variations, maturational lag, dysfunction of the reticular activating system, food sensitivity, and learned response to unorganized environment. Hyperkinesis may be distinguished only by its behavioural manifestations. Insightful analyses of behavioural problems require viewing the child from a development perspective, such as those advanced by Freud, Erikson, Berne and others. Sensitivity to the ramifications of labelling the child as deviant is critical. Multidimensional assessment is needed upon which management decisions are made. An eclectic approach merits consideration: medication, if it works; therapeutic counselling; parental counselling; intervention with school personnel; and above all, support for the child. The nurse plays a crucial role in providing the health team with key information basic to establishing accurate diagnosis and evaluating interventions. The problem of hyperkinesis bears many implications for nursing practice and research.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01412.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY