ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nurses are the major caregivers for the aged with brain failure. The patients’ needs and resources must be continually reassessed and care adjusted to the changing situation whether the patient is at home, attending a community ambulatory clinic, or in a hospital or a long‐term institution. The nursing role includes humanistic concern, physical care, scientific/technological interventions, organization of care and contributing to the limited body of knowledge. The most complex area of care of brain‐failure patients is communication, which has an important impact on both psychosocial and physical well‐being. Often neglected aspects of care are ambulation and regulating body temperature. Nurses can make maximum use of resources through good organization of the environment. The nurse must continually update her knowledge and use a problem‐solving approach in her work. She should record, analyse and share her experiences with others, thus helping to develop more humanistic and scientific mode

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Five hospitalized patients in different stages of Alzheimer‐type dementia were monitored by unstructured, direct observations during morning care. Orem's model of nursing as a compensation for the patient's lack of self‐care capabilities was used as a frame of reference for an analysis of the behaviours of patients and nurses during morning care. A 12‐step classification system was developed to be used as a guide to understand and determine abilities essential for performance of morning care for demented patients. The quantitative assessment showed that none of the patients was able to manage morning care independently, but there was a wide variation in their highest level of perfor

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The study investigates nurse‐patient interaction on a geriatric ward. The Clifton Assessment Procedure for the Elderly was used to measure cognitive and behavioural functioning and the 23 subjects studied were divided into three groups: (1) lucid; (2) slightly confused; and (3) confused or demented. Information relating to the subjects’ activities and interactions with nursing staff was gained from time sampling by direct observation. One hundred and eighteen nurses also completed a questionnaire to elicit their priorities in care. The results reveal very low levels of staff‐patient communication. Nurses interact significantly less with confused than lucid patients. Patients spent only 9.7% of observed time in self‐care activities, and 5.9% eating and drinking: the remaining time they were inactive. Nursing staff, however, regarded their care priority as physical care rather than psychosocial interaction or restorative act

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For more than 20 years pressure sore prevention and the treatment of established pressure sores have continued to generate research by nurses and those in allied disciplines. Pressure sore aetiology is established and much is known about the healing of chronic wounds, but little impact has been made on clinical nursing practice. The failure of nurses to implement research findings in this sphere is examined according to the framework suggested by Hunt (1981). One of the main reasons may be the failure of nurse educationalists to incorporate relevant material into basic and post‐basic teaching programme

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines current basic nursing education in South Africa and suggests that problems in the secondary school education of Black recruits affect their later training potential as professional nurses. It reports the move towards the transfer of nurse training into higher education from 1986 in South Africa. Black nurses’ learning and studying difficulties are considered in the light of their high failure rate in the South African Nursing Council qualifying examinations. It is agreed that in order to prepare the high number of qualified Black nurses required by South Africa within the tertiary education sector from 1986, special attention would need to be paid to secondary education provision for Black

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper will address children's pain vocabulary, that is, the self‐reported words provided by the children, in a descriptive study carried out to examine how a group of school‐age children view their pain. This was an initial step to demonstrate that children can describe pain and do possess a pain vocabulary. Our aim was to determine the feasibility of achieving a meaningful grouping of children's pain words and the pain intensity implied by the words. A sample of 40 school‐age children were the subjects for this study. All the pain word descriptors used by the children in response to the question‘Can you think of words to describe what pain feels like?‘were categorized on the basis of the Melzack class

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Dorothea Orem and Madeleine Leininger are two nursing scholars who are contributing significantly to the body of nursing knowledge. This paper contrasts their backgrounds, the origins of their theories, their views of the nature of nursing, use of theory deveiopment strategies, and contributions to nursing science. The concepts of Leininger's care and Orem's self‐care will be compared as these relate to their theories with the examination of similarities and difference

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01268.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper deals with macrotheories of nursing and a new way of looking at them. It also shows through the use of a board game why the discipline of nursing would be greatly hindered in its development by the acceptance of only one of the nursing macrotheories available today. The board game shows that macrotheorists of nursing do not discuss death and dying as a part of their conceptual models. Since death is not incorporated into the concepts, then they are not describing or explaining all the aspects dealt with in the discipline of nursing. This is not to say that theory is not necessary but that the acceptance of only one nursing macrotheory (model) is limiting and inhibiting. It denies nursing the ability to create and use intuition.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Clinical observation of a population of patients with chronic heart failure suggested that some patients adapt to their disease more effectively than others. This difference in response appeared to be more related to psychosocial variables, including a positive future orientation, than to variation in severity of disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among the psychosocial variables of hope and morale, the level of function of the individual, and the physiological status of that individual. The sample for this descriptive study was patients who met inclusion criteria and who attended the Heart Failure Clinic at St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (n= 23). Data were collected at one point in time. Population characteristics were obtained by chart extraction and patient interview. The Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Philadelphia Geriatric Centre Morale Scale, and an adapted version of the McMaster Health Status Index were administered. Physiological status was determined by clinical signs and symptoms in accordance with a scale devised by Lee. Patients who scored higher on the scales assessing hope and morale also scored higher on social function. There was very little relationship between these psychosocial variables and the physical variables of physiological status and physical function. These findings suggest that patients who are more hopeful maintain their involvement in life regardless of physical limitations imposed by their heart failure. Nursing interventions must continue to include the enhancement of hope for the future and active participation with others.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb01270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY