ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb03378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper is concerned with the phenomenon of human suffering and is an attempt to justify and begin theoretical development of this phenomenon for nursing science. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the interest of nursing science in the phenomenon and critically examines relevant literature in order to further conceptualize development and clarification. This section concludes with a theoretical definition of suffering derived from this critique. Suffering is defined as an individual's experience of threat to self and is a meaning given to events such as pain or loss. The second section elaborates on this definition and examines how it can inform theoretical discussion in two areas with import for nursing—the patient's experience of suffering and the nurse's experience of patient suffering. The final section briefly considers some implications for clinical researc

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb03379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1978 Oswin documented a process of ‘professional depression’ affecting some nursing staffin long‐stay hospitals. This study tested the hypothesis that ‘professional depression’ in long‐stay nursing and ‘emotional exhaustion’ as a component of burnout describe a similar phenomenon. This hypothesis was supported. The results are consistent with Cherniss’ characterization of burnout, which appears to show considerable similarities to the concept of depression. In this study professional depression demonstrated a substantial correlation with depressed mood. Personality demonstrated significant relationships with burnout variables, extrapunitive hostility correlating with hardening toward others, intropunitiveness with avoidance as a coping response. These findings, although confined to hospital nurses, support the usefulness of approaches stressing the interaction between the work environment a

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb03380.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nurses in the United Kingdom spend much time attempting to fit British nursing practice into the theoretical framework of American nursing models. This is often a manipulative process in that it seeks to establish positive links with a care delivery system totally unlike our own. In the present paper the authors detail the process of establishing a new nursing model which integrates nursing curricula, education and practice to meet the needs of patients, staff and students within their own health district. An over‐emphasis on lower levels of human need is common within nursing practice, which, although often blamed upon lack of human and financial resources, is also due to practitioners’ misconceptions. The latter are invariably the result of a lack of an adequate or overt, practice orientated, conceptual framework. The Human Needs Model of Nursing adapts Maslow's concept of human needs to create such a conceptual framework for practice. It places equal emphasis on those patient problems which arise as the result of unmet needs at higher levels as well as those at lower levels, thereby acknowledging the holistic and dynamic nature of

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb03381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Health care students’ attitudes towards and intention to care for patients suffering from senile dementia were measured by questionnaire during the last week of their education. The relationship between curriculum content and attitudes and other variables which affect student training is discussed. It was noted that education on dementia lagged behind the needs of students. Factorial analysis of the respondents’ answers on the attitudinal items indicates generally negative attitudes to demented patients. Few female, and none of the male, students stated an intention to work with demented patients. Fear of death and experiences of patients dying are described, and are seen as crucial factors in the care of demented patie

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb03382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

After some exploration of caring as a socio‐historical construct, the author examines the changing conception of caring in nursing between Florence Nightingale's day and our own. The place of the older and emergent meanings in the work of some of the recognized nursing theorists is critically examined. A distinction is drawn between a science for caring and a science of caring and some of the problems of conceptualizing and developing a science of caring are explored. It is argued that a science of caring may need to take a hermeneutical form, as, for example, in the work of Patricia Benner. The recognition of nursing skills, knowledge and values as exemplified in nursing caring is linked to the broader struggle for recognition of the ways in which women function intelligently in the world, as thinking, as well as feeling, beings. A link is thus made between nursing's attempts to establish itself as an academic discipline and the academic arm of the feminist movement, particularly where it insists that women's traditional knowledge and concerns be taken as seriously as those of me

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb03383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

At the beginning of this article there is a brief outline of the nature of the curriculum and models. This leads into a discussion of curriculum models in which ‘product’ and ‘process’ models are set out and discussed. The strengths and weaknesses of both approaches to the curriculum are outlined and issues relating to the choice of model are a

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb03384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a previous article the authors showed how, by following the clinical careers of individual student nurses, one could paint a coherent and illuminating picture of opportunities for clinical learning on the wards. By observing and counting, and using only the simplest methods of calculation, numerical measures of comparison were constructed. Here the authors turn to the question of the integration of classroom and ward. Indices of integration between theory and practice were devised and computed for three sets of students in three different training schools (72 students in all). The results were used to answer the following questions, (a) Within each training school what was the degree of equality of educational opportunity? (b) For each hospital what is the maximum level of integration which the organization of training makes possible, and what was the actual level achieved? (c) What is the connection between the achieved levels of integration and the type of training scheme (modular, block, etc)?

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb03385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two issues confronting nursing education are: improving the relationship between nursing service and nursing education, and achieving status as an academic discipline. The concept of faculty practice addresses both of these problems. By definition faculty practice requires demonstration of clinical competence through practice, and scholarly outcomes of practice which satisfy the research requirement of the nursing faculty role. While scholarly practice by nursing faculty members may benefit the nursing service‐education relationship, it is a myth that nursing faculty members were more effective teachers prior to nursing education's move into institutions of higher education. While few argue against the need for clinical competence of nursing faculty members for effective teaching, the need to attain educational preparation for effective teaching must not be overlooked. The vast majority of nursing faculty members hold, master's degree as their highest earned credential. To establish itself as an equal in academe and to increase teaching effectiveness, nursing education needs faculty prepared at the doctoral level. If nursing faculty members add faculty practice and doctoral study to the standard faculty role requirements of teaching, research and service, chronic overload will result. Nursing faculty members cannot solve all the problems confronting nursing education by continuously increasing their workload. Nursing programmes need to assess their resources and priorities. For all of its merits, faculty practice should not be implemented until a programme has adequate resources to support i

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb03386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifty depressed patients in a psychiatric unit were asked in an open‐ended and a forced‐choice question: ‘When you're feeling depressed what sorts of things can make you feel worse in hospital and at home?’. The responses were analysed and compared with a study where non‐depressed subjects were asked the same question. Implications of the results of this study for the admission of clinically depressed people to hospital are

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1986.tb03387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY