ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper argues that although there has been an increasing use of the term ‘empowerment’ in the nursing literature, the word is sometimes employed uncritically and in inappropriate contexts. The origins of the expression in community development work are noted, in an effort to set the activity of empowerment in its political context and to discuss the implications of this for the relative power of health professionals and service users. A distinction is drawn between the meaning of the term at the individual and the community level and an outline strategy is discussed for nurses who may wish to think through what empowering patients or clients will ent

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Power is required to obtain professional goals. The aim of this study is to clarify the significance of power and the lack of it in the opinions of nurses and in prevailing nursing practice. The power of the nurse was measured by the nurse's own assessment of herkis capability to improve the quality of nursing care. The data were collected from all the registered nurses (n= 179) of five hospitals. The response was 70%. The powerful nurses had more knowledge, were better motivated, implemented policies more often, acted consciously towards nursing goals and collaborated better than the powerless nurses. The results demonstrated that nurses who had enough power possessed both wider and deeper cognitive and moral dimensions and had better skills in human interaction than did the powerless nurses.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Patient participation as a nursing philosophy and practice has grown in popularity. Research studies have reported the possible positive effects of involving patients in their health and care, while investigations interested in the meaning of participation have tended to concentrate upon the patient's perspective. However, little research has focused upon the practitioner's understanding of the concept or its execution. The aim of this ethnographic study was to uncover the perceptions of primary nurses towards the notion of patient participation, and represents early explorative work within a larger project devoted to discharge decision making. A group discussion was led by the author with four primary nurses working within a rehabilitation unit for elderly people. The data were subjected to a content analysis and two central themes or principles emerged. First, participation was regarded as having both a formal and informal meaning as well as a formal and dormal method or practice, and secondly, it was seen to involve mutual informing or negotiation between patient and nurse. Both these principles were regarded as closely linked to the concepts of nurse‐patient closeness and patient individualit

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper the author relates how she initially became interested in spiritual care. A synopsis of a literature review is given in which the spiritual dimension is defined and evidence presented for its influence on health, well‐being and quality of life. Spiritual care is also presented as part of the nurse's role. However, it is acknowledged that there is a lack of guidelines for the practice of spiritual care. A conceptual framework for the latter is, therefore, proposed by the author. As little is currently known about how nurses perceive the spiritual dimension and their role in spiritual care, the findings from a doctoral study, which examined these issues, are reported and discussed. The descriptive study was part of the author's PhD thesis (Waugh 1992

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a pilot study of a randomized controlled trial comparing pushing techniques in the second stage of labour, a surprise hiding was that there was a positive correlation between the amount of pethidine used for analgesia in the first stage of labour and an increasing length of both the first (F0.5687, P=0‐0001, CI=0.33 to 0.74) and second stages (r=0‐3204, P=0‐037, CI=0‐03 to 0.56). In order to investigate this further a review of the literature on the effect of pethidine on the length of labour was undertaken. The literature searched was the English‐language literature, and MEDLINE and Index Medicus were used to identify pertinent papers. Studies selected were randomized controlled trials of pethidine given for pain relief in labour compared with placebo. As only five studies were identified other pertinent studies using the drug were scrutinized. The findings of this review are that, due to methodological flaws and studies with small sample sizes, the effect of pethidine on the length of labour in women has not been adequately assessed. However, there is a strong suggestion in the literature that the use of this drug is associated with a lengthening of labour and this association is dose‐related. Studies in animals support this view. Those caring for women in labour should be aware of this side‐effect of the analgesic most frequently given in labour in North America and the United Kingdom. As pethidine frequently does not provide adequate analgesia and has other side‐effects, the search for an alternative analgesia

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to examine factors which influence changes in body temperature during surgical operation. Variables included were ambient theatre temperature and humidity, duration of surgery, age of patient, index of body fat, blood loss during surgery, and the volume of intravenous fluids received. Subjects were 30 female patients undergoing elective abdominal gynaecological surgery. Body temperature was measured using oesophageal probes and data were collected for the duration of the operation. Patients sustained a mean reduction in oesophageal temperature of 1‐03°C. Bivariate correlations indicated that ambient temperature, age, body fat, volume of intravenous fluids and blood loss were associated with temperature reduction at the level of c0.05. Step‐wise multiple regression revealed two possible models including ambient theatre temperature, each of which accounted for 70% of the variance. Model 1 included age, while model 2 included volume of intravenous fluids and index of body fat. It was noted that older patients were generally in theatre at a time when the ambient temperature was lowest. Recommendations are made to minimize unnecessary reductions in body temperature during surgery for vulnerable groups, notably elderly and thin pati

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Current political changes to the British National Health Service and the development of nursing as a profession contribute to the individualization of health. Such trends view the client as a victim of his or her behaviour and encourages a form of health promotion which focuses on the individual and ignores or decontextualizes social problems. Nursing needs to examine issues of power and control in health promotion encounters and not simply view health promotion as benign encounters. Health promotion practice needs to focus not on the development of skills as the central component but on the relationship between the nurse and the client. A simple shift in nursing from using communication skills to persuade, to using counselling skills does not evade the charge of victim blaming. Health promotion needs to place health and its influences within a context.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study examined occupational stress in four areas of high‐dependency nursing: theatres, live/rend, haematology/oncology and elective surgery. A total of 60 nurses from one large NHS hospital completed questionnaires on sources and levels of stress, psychological well‐being and ways of coping; interviews with a small sub‐sample were carried out. The results indicated that the amount of stress experienced was similar across all four departments, but its sources varied. Theatre nurses experienced less stress through patients' death and dying. Other factors which influenced both the level and sources of stress included post‐qualification training, number of children and partnership‐status. Nurses with post‐qualification training perceived higher levels of stress. Social support was found to influence psychological well‐being. Nurses who were living with a partner or were married experienced fewer stress symptoms than those with no partner, and nurses with two children experienced significantly less stress through dealing with patients and relatives. Reactions to stress elicited a range of adaptive and maladaptive coping styles. Nurses sampled indicated universal support for the introduction of ‘nurse‐for‐a‐day’ and management ‘swap‐overs’ as practised in Boston, USA. This study recommends sending nurses on management and administration courses and

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY