ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Meta‐analysis has gained international recognition as a statistical approach to research synthesis What is missing in research reviews, however, is the systematic compilation of results from non‐experimentally designed studies An approach is described which extends the rigours of integrative research review and meta‐analysis to descriptive studies A model for conceptualizing a systematically derived research synthesis is presented with selected accompanying generic elements The model serves as a prototype for application to a variety of topical areas of interest Generic elements contained in the prototype may be tailored to specific topics with relative ease Resources and time required for topic development from conceptualization through to dissemination can be considerably reduced by adaptation of the generic el

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Studies of the ethics of medical and nursing research have focused principally on the more practical issues to do with the research process, such as informed consent and protection of subjects from harm A more fundamental question, which is often overlooked, is whether individuals are under any sort of obligation to participate as subjects in nursing research in the first place The conclusions which nurses reach on this issue will help establish the overall moral climate in which nursing research is conducted In this paper, three models of such an obligation are explored, one based on a notion of payment, one centred in the social contract, and one which seeks to estabbsh an unconditional obligation Each of these is seen to be flawed in various respects The delicate and potentially conflicting relationship between obligation and consent is then briefly examined In conclusion, it is argued that the notion of a ‘moral claim’ on participation in research is an ethically more acceptable approach than any strict sense of obliga

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In examining the clinical environment that may influence the first‐year college graduate's attitudes toward continuing learning, four case studies were conducted in hospitals within the Illawarra Area Health Service, New South Wales The exploratory research attempts to determine the extent to which desired educational changes occur and where improvements could be made to the educational process This paper reports the research findin

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Student nurses were assessed for their specific interview behaviour with patients after experiencing an empathetic training and a psychological‐mindedness experience The results show that empathy was not increased or decreased The reasons for the experimental findings are discuss

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Comfort is a term that has a significant historical and contemporary association with nursing Since the time of Nightingale, it is cited as designating a desirable outcome of nursing care Comfort is found in nursing science, for example in diagnostic taxonomies, and in references to the art of nursing, as when practice is described Roy, Orlando, Watson, Paterson and others use comfort in major nursing theories The term can signify both physical and mental phenomena and it can be used as a verb and a noun However, because comfort has many different meanings, the reader has had the burden of deciding if the term is meant in one of its ordinary language senses or if its context reveals some special nursing sense The purpose of this paper is to analyse the semantics and extension of the term ‘comfort’ in order to clarify its use in nursing practice, theory and research The semantic analysis begins with ordinary language because the common meanings of the term are the primary ones used in nursing practice and are the origin of technical nursing usages Comfort is discussed as the term is found in nursing, including texts, standards of care, diagnoses and theory An account of patient needs assessment is used to cull three technical senses of the term from its ordinary language meanings After contrasting these senses in order to justify their separateness, they are shown to reflect differing aspects of therapeutic contexts Defining attributes of the three senses are then explicated and presented in table format The last section of the paper addresses some of the ways that the extensions of the senses can be meas

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Emotionally close relationships can be disrupted at any time in the life cycle When a relationship of attachment is disrupted following an event that renders a loved one forever changed from the hoped‐for child or from the known person, recurrent sadness, or chronic sorrow, is a frequently encountered response The genesis of sadness is one's recognition of a negative disparity between the person who was known prior to the onset of disability (or the imagined, hoped‐for child) and the now‐disabled person Though each episode of sadness resolves somewhat over time, renewed recognition of a negative disparity in the disabled loved one triggers sadness again Besides being recurrent, the sadness of chronic sorrow is also permanent, variable in intensity between situations and persons, and interwoven with periods of neutrality, satisfaction and happiness The concept is analysed and contrasted with the prevalent model of linear, time‐bou

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Folk health and illness beliefs and practices were abstracted from a large‐scale study of older Greek‐Canadian widows conceptualized within Leirunger's theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality using ethnographic, ethnonursing, and life health‐care history methods Data were collected using observation‐participation and interviews in three Greek–Canadian communities with 12 widowed key informants and 30 general informants Interview inquiry guides, Leirunger's Life History Health Care Protocol, and field journal recordings assisted data collection Data were analysed using Leirunger's phases of analysis for qualitative data A major health theme which was abstracted from the raw data and patterns was health for Greek–Canadian widows meant a state of well‐being, ability to perform daily role activities, and avoidance of pain and illness The findings, which also included folk health care and illness beliefs and practices, will stimulate future nursing research related to health and nursing care of people of di

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01560.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationships among illness‐related stress and emotions, coping strategies, socio‐economic status and life satisfaction of 90 elderly women with osteoarthritis were explored in this descriptive, correlational study Results of self‐report interview data indicated that the women expenenced both positive and negative emotions in relation to their day‐to‐day life with osteoarthritis The coping behaviours used to manage the perceived stress of osteoarthritis included confrontive, palliative and emotive strategies Path analysis supported a significant and positive relationship between coping and life satisfaction and between objective and subjective measures of life sa

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01561.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY