ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01736.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A non‐anonymous questionnaire was distributed to all nursing staff (n = 557) including RNs, LPNs (psychiatric), LPNs (somatic) and nurses’ aides, in one nursing home, one somatic long‐term care clinic and one psychogeriatric clinic Scales measuring empathy, burnout experience and attitudes towards demented patients were included in the questionnaire The aim of the study was to compare levels of empathy, burnout experience and attitudes among different categories of nursing staff and to examine connections between empathy, burnout and attitudes The nursing staff showed an overall figure of moderately welldeveloped empathy and the RNs showed the highest empathy The RNs had a significantly lower degree of burnout compared to the nurses’ aides and the LPNs Of all respondents, 27 4% were assessed at risk from burnout Overall, the staff showed a moderately positive attitude towards demented patients and the RNs were most positive No linear correlation was found between empathy, burnout experience and attitudes However, a weak negative correlation between burnout and empathy is in accordance with other authors who are suggesting that burnout experience leads to lower empathy in the nursing staff The fact that the RNs showed the most positive attitudes towards demented patients and had the highest level of empathy compared to LPNs and nurses’ aides could be related to lower degree of burnout assessed in the RNs Qualitative and quantitative overload among the LPNs and nurses’ aides connected to the growing number of demented patients in the institutions examined a

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper addresses some potential difficulties in communication which may occur between health‐care professionals and those who are being assessed following an unsuccessful suicide attempt Attitudes towards suicide and attempted suicide which may be held by the patient and carer are reviewed and the effects that these may have on communication, particularly at the assessment stage, are considered Some techniques to enhance communication andassessment are propos

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study explored the meaning of hope and identified strategies that are used to foster hope in a convenience sample of 30 terminally‐ill adults using the technique of methodological triangulation (interview, Herth Hope Index and Background Data Form) Cross‐sectional data were collected on 20 of the subjects, and longitudinal data were collected on 10 of the subjects in order to provide a clearer understanding of the hoping process during the dying trajectory Hope was defined as an inner power directed toward enrichment of ‘being’ With the exception of those diagnosed with AIDS, overall hope levels among subjects were high and were found to remain stable over time and across the background variables Seven hope‐fostering categories and three hope‐hindering categories were identified based on the interview responses The findings could serve as a guide for the development of interventions to foster hope in terminall

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper argues that a preoccupation with cost‐effectiveness threatens to swamp nurses’ traditional concern with quality of care, and underlines the importance of clinical nurses becoming familiar with the complexities of quality measurement Terminology widely used in the nursing literature is clarified and research studies that address the quality of nursing care are reviewed It is suggested that whilst some of these have provided important theoretical insights into quality issues, the qualitative research methods employed have so far failed to provide a practical alternative to the more ‘objective’ measures of quality currently adopted by clinical nurses and their managers Generic measures of quality are identified and categorized and it is suggested that most of these are in need of extensive validity testing in relation to the concepts of quality that they purport to measure The measures of quality themselves may be less important than the content in and process by which they are applied ‘Top‐down’ and ‘bottom‐up’ approaches to measurement are discussed in relation to the notion of facilitative leadership The value of top‐down approaches is questioned on the grounds that they may violate the integrity of the quality‐assurance cycle and prevent clinical nurses from making the commitment that is necessary in order to assess and improve the quality o

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01741.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper considers the issue of utilizing research findings in nursing practice It covers the justification for utilizing research in practice, and whether research is actually implemented Previous studies focusing upon the process of utilizing research are analysed, and consideration is given to how research should be evaluated and implemented and the factors affecting this The literature reviewed demonstrates that the implementation of research in clinical practice is a complex operation Attempts to achieve research‐based practice need to be well thought through and organized, with those involved at all levels being interested and committed to its succe

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01742.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AIDS has become a leading cause of death for women between the ages of 25 and 34 An overwhelming proportion of these women are Black (52%) or Hispanic (20%) Despite the disproportionate number of minority women who are HIV infected, the majority of AIDS educational programmes have been directed at the White gay male The purpose of this paper is to present a qualitative research technique which used focus group interviews to promote the development of a programme devised to reduce risk behaviours in minority populations A summary of the investigation and implications for nursing are also presented

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01743.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A qualitative research design (grounded theory) was used to analyse the experiences of dieters attending a weight loss programme Two hundred hours of observations at a nationally known weight reduction centre, a review of selected documents from the organization and multiple in‐depth interviews with 13 informants were the data sources for this study Data generation took place over a 21‐month penod A substantive theory of restructuring identified three stages in the process of losing weight These stages and key elements of the weight loss process are prese

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01744.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two hundred and fifteen colostomy patients were interviewed at 10 weeks after surgery from a stratified random sample of 12 health districts in which stoma‐care nurses were employed and eight other districts 85 survivors who did not have restorative surgery were reinterviewed 1 year later The Present State Examination (PSE) was used to assess the prevalence of affective disorder on both occasions Analysis of covanance of the 10‐week PSE scores revealed that age was unrelated to psychological adjustment after controlling for the extent and seventy of patients’ symptoms and that patients in districts which employed stoma‐care nurses had significantly lower PSE scores Single and widowed males appeared to enjoy better emotional health than married men and than women Analysis of covanance of PSE scores obtained 1 year later also revealed that age was unrelated to psychological adjustment after controlling for the patients’ physical state No difference was found between patients who had access to a National Health Service stoma‐care nurse and patients in other districts, many of whom had seen a representative from one of the appliance companies The finding that single and widowed males appeared to fare better than married men was repeated Ten per cent of patients who felt completely well were anxious or depressed Psychiatric referral may be inappropriate for the majority of depressed patients who may instead benefit from medical treatment or from nursing intervention to deal with physical symptoms such as pain or urinary

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01745.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY