ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The findings of this study provide an explanation of how community psychiatric nurses make community psychiatric nursing work. The work of community psychiatric nursing can be usefully compared to that involved in making a theatre production. In the theatre there is a play with a plot which is conveyed through the parts played by characters. In the face of production limitations (size of theatre, costs and time constraints, for example) and the demands of sponsors, audience, theatre critics and others in the Company, the characters make use of the stage props and get the show on the road. The community psychiatric nurses can be likened to the characters in a play, whose title is ‘the provision of a community psychiatric nursing service’; the plot being the provision of individualized care. Similar to the production limitations in the theatre, the community psychiatric nurses have limited care options and resources and are faced with the varied demands of patients, carers and situations, other specialists and the bureaucracy. Yet the nurses have to produce the best match of needs to resources. Maintaining a theatrical analogy, the nurses have to use what props they have on the stage, not to ‘get the show on the road’, but to make the community psychiatric nursing service work. Unlike a theatrical production, however, community psychiatric nurses do not appear to have an overall director controlling the work; neither are there guidelines which limit or define practice. This results in individual community psychiatric nurses establishing their ownmodus operandiand defining their own work practices. Two major themes pervade this account of the work of community psychiatric nurses. Firstly, the nurses continually seek to legitimize their work and justify the care given. Secondly, they juggle resources. Both of these aspects of the work emerged because the nurses' expressed ideology of providing‘individualized’care (care tailored to the needs of individual patients and their carers) was impossible to sustain in the face of finit

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Narcolepsy is a severe debilitating chronic life‐lotig sleep disorder that can be ameliorated but not cured. In the United States, its prevalence is at least 1 in 1000 making it more common than multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease. Its symptoms lead to severe lifestyle consequences, with profound impact on the affected persons, their interpersonal relationships, job, school experiences, and family life. Despite this, little has appeared in the nursing literature about the disorder. The most characteristic symptoms include uncontrollable excess daytime sleepiness, cataplexy (bilateral voluntary muscle weakness), sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations and disturbed night‐time sleep. Characteristics of normal sleep are reviewed and compared with disturbances seen in narcolepsy. The aetiology, assessment, diagnosis, pharmacologic therapy, non‐pharmacologic therapy and psychosocial issues are discussed along with needed research direc

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes a pilot study of the dependence of 20 severely disabled patients on nursing staff in a long‐term rehabilitalion ward. Dependence was measured as the number of 15‐minute periods spent by a patient in receipt of various categories of nursing care during fixed observation times. Measurements were made by patient activity sampling and were in reasonably good agreement with the results of nurse activity sampling. Severity of disability gradings of the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) were adapted to give an overall disability score for each patient. Appropriately summarized numerical data are presented in the form of tables and bar charts. Patient feeding was firmly established as the most time‐consuming of the direct nursing care activities. There was also a high statistical correlation between feeding dependence and severity of disability and this finding is discussed at some l

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A hospice‐based scheme for the support of relatives of dying patients is described. The majority of carers were females and almost a third of them elderly. Most patients were suffering from malignancy. Relatives reported a high level of satisfaction with the help they received from the scheme, but late referral was a common source of dissatisfaction. A large proportion of patients subsequently died at home but it is suggested that the intervention of the relative support scheme was not the only contributory factor. The perceptions of nurses working for the scheme and the susceptibility of volunteers to stress are highlighte

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Five institutionalized patients with Alzheimer‐type dementia were observed (video‐recorded) during meals. The aim was to assess their meal behaviour and social interaction. The results showed that when the patients ate without the participation of staff, the two least demented patients became ‘caregivers’ in the group and helped the three most demented patients to eat. When two mental nurses joined the group, the patients dropped their roles as helpers. The conversation in the group could be characterized as incomplete, with short sentences and a lot of breaks. Sixty‐three per cent of all comprehensible utterances concerned food and eating and almost all conversation concerned th

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since the 1960s there has been an awareness ofa ‘care‐gap’ when patients are transferred between hospital and home. In the United Kingdom, attempts to improve continuity of eare have included the development of the role of the hospital/community liaison nurse. The liaison role has evolved in different ways and no systematic evaluation has occurred. This paper reports the findings of an exploratory study into the structure and process of the liaison role. It is suggested that the role is effective in enhancing continuity of care, but that modifications accompanied by educational and organizational changes would improve current pra

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The difficulty experienced by many baccalaureate student nurses in making the role transition from student to graduate nurse continues to pose problems for nursing education and nursing service personnel alike. A variety of instructional strategies described in the literature which claim to enhance the effectiveness of student learning in the clinical setting and promote role adjustment immediately upon graduation have been used by nursing faculty and nursing service personnel. Preceptorship is one such strategy. The author reviews the evolution of preceptorship within the nursing profession and explores factors which are provoking current interest in this concept. Available empirical data regarding the effect of preceptorship on student and graduate nurse performance in the clinical setting are presented and implications for nursing education discussed.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01452.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

How, when, and why to teach nursing theory are still central questions for nurse educators. The questions are restated and generalized to the whys, and hows, and the whens to incorporate theoretical nursing rather than nursing theory in nursing education. Process and strategies for teaching theoretical nursing are compared and contrasted with those related to research. We propose the use of similar strategies and add several essential conditions related to theoretical nursing. In teaching theoretical nursing, educators are expected to develop an environment that values theory and ways by which a theoretical identity is facilitated and fostered in students. Critical and reflective thinking as well as the role modelling of local models of excellence are central ingredients in the development of nurses who are committed to using and developing theories. One approach in incorporating theory in curricula is to identify central components and goals such as historical analyses, domain boundaries, theory utilization, process and strategies for theory development and testing. Once components are identified, faculty can make a decision about where to incorporate them. We have proposed several approaches that incorporate theoretical nursing in undergraduate and graduate programmes.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01453.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper comprises essentially a discussion of the pilot of a study currently being undertaken to compare the practice styles of graduate and non‐graduate nurses. The background to the main study is described and discussed, as is the methodology. The problems encountered in the planning and executing of the data collection are particularly highlighted. The paper does not present data from the pilot study, but evaluates the methodology used and considers the implications for the main stud

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1988.tb01454.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY