ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01791.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01792.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents a study of the particular dynamics within hospitals that act as counterproductive forces to caring To this end, the insights revealed by Isabel Menzies Lyth, following her observations of a large London teaching hospital, will be explored She argues that hospitals are environments conducive to the erection of primitive social defence systems that generate internal conflict and persecution anxiety within its staff These social defence systems, in turn, militate against efforts directed towards caring This results in feelings of guilt, depression and dependency that rapidly establish a negative cycle of affects Such negative affections, once set in train, are difficult to terminate and transform into a positive cycle of affections Following this analysis, it will be argued that the hospital environment is unequal to the task of caring for the caregivers because it is permeated with ontological, spiritual and moral anxiety, all of which act as serious impediments to the caring enterprise

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01793.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two nursing leaders, Madeleine Leininger and Jean Watson, have devoted their careers to studying and evolving the meaning of caring The theme of caring as presented by each theorist was explored along with their views of the nature of nursing, use of theory development strategies, and their individual contributions to the development of nursing knowledge Both identify nursing as a humanistic science, with the concept of caring being the central unifying domain of nursing Consistent with their belief that the humanistic sciences require a different research methodology to study that which is uniquely human, both have utilized qualitative research methodologies in their study of care The evolution of each theorist perspective of care reflects their own background and experiences. Each theorist, therefore, has painted a different portrait of caring, demonstrating a differing emphasis on philosophical, cultural and empirical concerns For Leininger, caring must be placed in a cultural context since caring patterns can differ transculturally Watson has focused on the philosophic (existential‐phenomenological) and spiritual basis of caring and sees caring as the ethical and moral ideal of nursing Both Leininger and Watson have demonstrated their artistry in their individual portraits of caring and in their contributions to the development of nursing knowled

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01794.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study considers the value of classifying attitudinal statements given by nurses in a questionnaire by the statistical procedure of latent class analysis It demonstrates with the use of qualitative data derived from in‐depth interviews how precarious are the groups derived from statistical analysis However, it is argued that the apparent discrepancies between responses ‘objectively’ derived by a statistical approach and those ‘subjectively’ declared by respondents may focus on different levels of meaning and may well provide a useful resource Most importantly, it is stressed that a dynamic model is needed which recognizes change and the consequences

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01795.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceived needs and anxiety levels of adult family members of intensive care unit (ICU) patients The study was conducted over a 3‐month period, on a convenience sample of 166 subjects selected from the total adult population of family members visiting an ICU patient in three Sudbury hospitals Data were gathered using a self‐report questionnaire, the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI) and Spielberger's State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Interviews were conducted in French or English according to the subject's preference The major variables examined were family needs, state and trait anxiety, on‐site sources of worry, spiritual needs, level of knowledge of ICU from past experience or pre‐surgery education, sociodemographic data The Situational Anxiety Scale yielded a mean score of 45 24 and the Trait Anxiety Scale a mean score of 37 3 Inferential statistics demonstrated that family needs and situational anxiety were significantly related (P<0 0002) Furthermore, worries, trait anxiety, age and family needs explained 38% of the variation of situational anxiety As well, spiritual needs and situational anxiety explained 33% of the variation of fami

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01796.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aspect of the study discussed is part of the analysis of audio‐recorded, naturally occurring conversations between symptom control team (SCT) nurses, terminally ill cancer patients and their relatives in their own homes over a 3‐month period Using an ethnographic, extended case‐study approach, four ‘role formats' were identified as consistently used by the SCT nurses to carry out their work through conversation, one of them being ‘friendly and informal’ The SCT nurses explicitly made it known to patients and their relatives that they intended to be ‘friendly and informal’ How such a claim was translated into practice, both non‐conversationally and through conversation, is the focus of this paper Being ‘friends' and being ‘friendly and informal’ with patients and clients is frequently advocated in medical and nursing literature, but how this is achieved in practice and the responses of patients seems unstudied Therefore, the analysis discussed in this paper opens up for critical reflection an unquestioned, taken‐for‐granted aspect of practice where it is demonstrated how ‘friendliness and informality’ are conveyed through chatting and how it dif

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01797.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this shady was to establish whether somnolence syndrome existed in adults by exploring their experiences after receiving cranial radiotherapy Somnolence syndrome is described as excessive sleep, drowsiness, lethargy and anorexia and was found to occur in these patients A description of the phenomenon was drawn from triangulation of the data For 6 weeks following radiotherapy, the participants completed a diary consisting of two elements, a quantitative visual analogue scale and an open diary This was followed by a qualitative semi‐structured interview Patients experienced sleepiness which they described as ‘exhausted doing nothing’ and that any activity was a ‘struggle’ Some individuals described sensory changes, deafness and an increase in leg and arm weakness These experiences presented a series of unexpected changes in their health which resulted in fear of treatment failure and disease recurrence The study suggests that more information should be provided for patients on the side‐effects that occur after radiotherapy has finished Somnolence syndrome presented for the participants an experience which is not adequately described in previous literature The nurse has an important role in providing information to prepare patients for their experience and more knowledge about this phenomenon is required for these patients to be informe

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01798.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper the pros and cons of using placebo are discussed from the point of view of ethical theories and principles The effects of placebo are exemplified by findings from previous studies, and an authentic case serves to illustrate ethical dilemmas arising both for the caregiver and the patient in conjunction with the use of placebo Placebo treatment is discussed from deontological and utilitarianist points of view, and violation of the ethical principles, beneficence, non‐maleficence, justice, autonomy and truth‐telling, are consid

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01799.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A double‐blind clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of an active based cream against a placebo non‐active based cream in the healing of superficial pressure ulcers in a population of geriatric hospital patients and residents in community nursing homes The active group showed a small significant beneficial effect at week four The overall results of the trial also demonstrated a significant improvement in ulcer size over the duration of the trial period in both active and placebo gr

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01800.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY