ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

‘Pranayama” or yogic breathing as a method of re‐expansion of lungs in patients with pleural effusion was studied. Ten patients with pleural effusion practised alternate nostril breathing for 20 days after aspiration of fluid. An equal number matched for age and smoking habits underwent routine physiotherapy of the hospital for the same period. Lung function was measured: before aspiration; immediately after aspiration; and, 5,10,15 and 20 days after aspiration. The FVC, FEV, MVV, PEFR, CE and RS, were used to measure lung function. The difference between the two groups in the gain in lung expansion as assessed by the above measures was tested for significance with appropriate nonparametric statistical tests at 0‐1 level of significance. The results revealed that the patients practising Pranayama demonstrated a quicker re‐expansion of the lungs in most of the measures of lung function. The findings are discussed in relation to implications for nur

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One of the most prevalent and enduring health care delivery problems in the Third World and less developed countries is the lack of skilled medical personnel. This is particularly true in Ecuador where there are serious deficiencies at the community health level. This paper describes the health problems which have resulted from this situation. A planning model is then presented which Ecuador is beginning to follow for improving its rural community health nursing capabilities. Other countries or developing regions with similar problems might consider the model and its implementation in resolving their own community health problems.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study was conceived as an inquiry into the marginal nature of the rural family nurse practitioner's role. Data collection began with administration of a questionnaire to all family nurse practitioners in New Mexico for the purpose of selecting a subgroup for in‐depth study. Eight rural family nurse practitioners were identified who were practicing as primary health care providers with a physician on‐site 20% of the time or less. This group was studied over a period of 3 months. The major outcome of the study was the delineation of three highly interactive clusters of variables which appear to influence the development of a role‐identity: personal attributes; organizational factors and inter‐personal relations. Demographic data collected resulted in a profile indicating that the ‘average’ rural family nurse practitioner in New Mexico is a single ‘Anglo’ female between 35 and 44 years of age with a BSc in nursing and a strong religious background. Hypothetically, as agreement on role‐expectations and behaviour is increased between the rural family nurse practitioner and the role‐set, increased institutionalization of the role can b

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Home nursing is typically dismissed as a series of tasks, limited in range and basic in nature. The present article describes research which repudiates this view while presenting a conceptual framework of home nursing which captures the dynamics and impact of this form of nursing upon the patient. Through using the approach of ‘grounded theory’ (Glaser&Strauss 1967) the present stereotype was found to be deficient. Home nursing was observed to be far more complex and challenging than generally acknowledged. Whilst the development of a conceptual framework was the primary aim of the research, the author has compared the home nursing studied in Australia to the observations of Kratz (1976,1978) upon district nursing in England. It was found that the home nurse plays a central role in the patient's response to chronic illness. Lawrence&Lawrence (1979) have described how nursing intervention can produce, through adaption to the stress of long‐term illness, a higher form of human functioning than that existing before the onset of the disorder. Surprisingly, this process has never been examined in relation to home nursing which, more than ever, is caring for increasing numbers of patients experiencing chronic illness and disability. The present study found that different variables and parameters which exist in home nursing but not in acute facilities affect the nursing intervention. If a body of nursing knowledge is to be developed and maintained from which nursing education can be co‐ordinated, understanding of different nursing situations and the variables active in each is essential. It is hoped that this inductive study will be expanded by future research which will examine the concepts identified, and establish links between them so that a theory of home nursing can be de

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes a study that was originally proposed to evaluate community psychiatric nurse intervention in terms of client outcome. Although the literature indicates the strong need for research of this nature, the strategy that it demands poses formidable methodological problems. These diffculties are examined within the framework of Campbell&Stanley's (1963) concept of‘internal validity’. Although the proposed design is assessed to be weak, it is argued that stringent appraisal of method can only strengthen the nursing profession's claim to produce research that is both credible and relev

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Factors that influence learning are of great interest to those concerned with health care. This is because they bear on the question of change in staff and patients. This study is a systematic investigation of the individual characteristics that the nurse brings to the learning situation and their association with change. The purpose of investigating this relationship is to clarify and pinpoint variables that may facilitate selection and predictions regarding learning. This in turn has great relevance for such aspects of nursing practice as patient teaching and in‐service training. The study relates seven nurse variables to six measures of learning during an in‐service course in behaviour therapy techniques for 65 qualified psychiatric nurses in the United Kingdom. The results suggest that some individual characteristics considered to impede learning, such as age, are unrelated. Other characteristics, such as academic qualifications, are expected to improve learning but were also found to be unrelated. The most significant associations were found for the relationship between prior knowledge and experience and measures of skill. The results are regarded as providing support for the argument of improved specification of both individual characteristics and learning. This improvement may lead in turn to modified nurse selection criteria, revised teaching methods, and to better patient c

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper demonstrates, through a specific case study, the relationship of nursing practice and research. The author discusses how a clinical problem stimulated research and how the research findings, then, were utilized in practice. Client attrition in an obesity programme for high‐risk clients was defined as the clinical problem. The researcher worked with the staff to futher delineate the problem for research. The research findings concluded that body image was a more important motivating factor for entering treatment than were physiological health concerns. The author/researcher and clinicians then utilized the findings in the programme, altering their approach to clients to include the client's goal for treatment; improved body image. The attrition rate in the clinic improved. The roles of the practitioner and those of the researcher in this relationship are discussed as well as specific factors which facilitated this important relationshi

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article is based on a review of the research literature on teaching research to undergraduate nursing students. A paucity of this research exists yet a variety of approaches are used to teach research. These approaches are categorized into ‘learn by doing’, ‘learn by proposing to do’, and ‘learn by critiquing’. The strengths and weaknesses of each approach are examined. The research literature that does exist is primarily descriptive and lacks adequate sample size and methods of inquiry. Students’ attitudes and knowledge towards research are described in response to various teaching methods. Larger surveys in the United States of America and abroad provide disappointing statistics concerning the utilization and the pursuit of research knowledge by nurse clinicians. Lastly, suggestions are made for further research in teaching research to baccalaureate students in order to enhance their research knowledge and commitment to research as clinicians. The Thomas‐Price Inventory for evaluating research preparation on the baccalaureate lev

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Academic nursing studies programmes are often channelled into one or other existing academic discipline. This limits the development of nursing knowledge which needs to be broader and more varied than a one‐discipline orientation. Nursing students’ epistemological difficulties arise because of inherent tensions brought about when the paradigms of such disciplines and practice requirements conflict, which so often they do. Interpretive sociological approaches as intellectual orientation for nursing studies offer a way out as their reflective patterns may encourage consciousness development and, through it, point towards chan

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1984.tb00361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY