ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1978.tb02962.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This is a study of factors causing distress, particularly anxiety and depression, among medical ward patients. A longitudinal design was used to trace patients' emotional responses throughout their stay in hospital. Personality assessment, illness classification, social status, sex and age variables were examined to establish associations between events and the emotional reactions. A trait measure of emotionality was shown to have a strong association with anxiety and depression responses in this sample. This test is thought to be of use in identifying patients prone to high levels of these emotions while in hospital.

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1978.tb02963.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This review is concerned widi two kinds of withdrawal from work in trained British nurses, absence and wastage, and, since these areas have not been widely or reliably researched in nursing, some reference is made to studies into the withdrawal behaviour of other, mainly industrial, workers. A descriptiorl of the incidence of absence and wastage is given and the problems of definition and measurement outlined. The factors associated with both forms of withdrawal are considered and, for clarity, these are grouped into three categories–person/personality, work context and external variables.Although the review of the factors, related to absence in nurses, suggests certain associations, firm generalizations cannot be made from the results and conclusions reported here. Comparisons between many of the studies are impossible because of inconsistent definitions and measurement techniques, unrepresentative sampling methods and different time periods employed. Furthermore, many authors have relied heavily on well‐informed, subjective impressions rather than objectively collected and analysed data. These studies have provided useful information for the individual organizations concerned and have raised interesting issues, but their contribution to understanding the phenomenon of absence is more limited.There is no doubt from the literature that absence, that is the frequency of absence spells, short‐term absence or uncertificated absence, is increasing for nurses as well as for other workers and is giving managers more cause for concern than longterm absence (more than 3 days duration) or certificated absence. It is more difficult, however, to reach a definite conclusion about the incidence of wastage in trained nurses, but the present trends suggest that mobility is not excessive and may even be too low. This could present as great a problem to nurse management as excessive wastage if it results in a degree of ‘in‐breeding’, ‘stagnation’ and ‘complacency’. The optimum level of mobility is presumably one which strikes a balance between innovation, fresh ideas, etc., and a necessary cohesive core of staff. That optimum level is likely to vary between units and organizations.Differing views on the nature of the relationship between absence and wastage are outlined and some suggestions for further research are made. It is outside the scope of this paper to discuss theories and models of ‘withdrawal’, but the reader is referred to several writings should

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1978.tb02964.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article is concerned with identifying some of the causes of disturbed behaviours which are related to the psychological environment in a locked ward of a mental hospital. As part of a research project concerned with reducing the frequency of disturbed and disruptive behaviour, such incidents have been monitored and analysed with a view to better understanding their antecedents and thus establishing more effective management policies. Of special interest has been a group of disturbed forms of behaviour which appear to be related to each other by what we have termed ‘psychological factors’ in the closed setting. Specifically, these arise from and are maintained by the expectations that staff and patients have regarding normative behaviour in a locked ward.It is suggested that the closed setting implicitly defines certain disturbed behaviour as acceptable and that there are direct links between these norms and the level and particular variety of disturbed behaviour on the ward. The dangers of failing to recognize the relationship between disturbed behaviour and the psychological implications of security and illness and particularly of over‐reacting to apparent increases in disturbance are disc

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1978.tb02965.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In spite of the recognized significance of the diabetic's knowledge and understanding of all phases of his health problems, studies have demonstrated a considerable lack of knowledge on the part of the diabetic patient. To investigate the effectiveness of the learning activity package (LAP) as a method for patient education, a pilot study was conducted with diabetics admitted to a general, acute care hospital facility. The pre‐ and post‐test scores of an experimental group of four patients, newly‐diagnosed as diabetic and who were taught about their disease utilizing a LAP, were compared with those of a control group which consisted of four patients who had been diagnosed as diabetic for a year or longer. Even though the significant findings of this study is limited because of lack of randomization and the small sample size, several advantages of the LAP, as a method of patient education, were demonst

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1978.tb02966.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A trainability test is a means of estimating the suitability of a candidate for a course of training. Grounds for assessment are provided by the construction of a learning task which replicates some key aspects of the skill to be learned and the procedure by which they must be aquired. Such a test, based on the learning of medical terms, was given to 129 student nurses at five London general hospitals. Lower test scores were found to be associated with high drop‐out for UK nurses and it is assumed that for them the test was measuring a capacity relevant to performing satisfactorily on the course. Low‐scoring overseas nurses, however, were less likely to leave than their UK counterparts. Discussion of the reasons for this includes reference to the general phenomenon of lower wastage rates among overseas nurses, evidence about overseas nurses' attitudes towards completing the course and the possibility that this test, like others, somewhat underestimated the potential of overseas candidates. Methods are considered for making the test as valid for overseas as for UK candida

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1978.tb02967.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this one year's research on two hospital wards was to explore the perceptions of nurses concerning their jobs. Specifically, the focus of this paper is on how nurses' perceptions were influenced by their interaction with physicians, singling out both the stratification system within the hospital and the structure of the two wards as a major source of conflict. Physicians are viewed as being ‘significant others’ in the nurse's definition of self and therefore physicians, involved in daily interaction with nurses, are included in the study in order that their perceptions of the nurse's job may be seen to influence the perceptions which nurses have of themselves.An assumption, basic to this study, is that physicians are in a dominant position within the hospital and nurses are subordinates in the organization. A ward comparison viewed the relative power position of doctors at various levels in the medical hierarchy (such as clinical clerks, interns, residents and specialists) as affecting the amount of agreement and understanding that existed between nurses' and physicians' perceptions of the nurse's

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1978.tb02968.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The diploma in community nursing was set up in the University of Manchester in 1959 and was unique in the United Kingdom (UK) as an experimental course in nurse education in which nursing was taught as a university subject. It sought to provide a university education in nursing, demonstrating also that integration of hospital and community nursing was possible in the basic course. It was thought that this might prove a better preparation for health visiting than the conventional method of following nurse training by a special course in public health nursing. In 1964, at the end of the experimental period, the course was revised and better integration of practical experience was achieved. The student also had greater opportunity to participate in university activities, an essential aspect of university education. Recruitment to the course increased considerably over the years and it was evident that there were sufficient entrants of high calibre whose work was of a quality comparable to that in degree courses. The revised course therefore became the prototype for a degree course and, in 1969, the first group of students graduated bachelor of nursing.Miss Jean K. McFarlane was appointed head of nursing studies in 1971, becoming the first professor of nursing in England and Wales in 1974. Since 1972, the annual intake of students has been increased from 12 to 25, though this number has been exceeded (153 students in the years 1972–1976). Courses have also been developed for qualified and experienced nurses–a diploma in advanced nursing studies and a master of science degree course (nursing option). Since 1970, research fellows have also been appointed, firstly in the department of social and preventive medicine and secondly, since its inception, in the department of nurs

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1978.tb02969.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Cardiovascular Nursing: Prevention, Intervention and Rehabilitationby Jeanne M. Holland.Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynaecology editedby R. C. Sanders and A. E. James.Renal Medicineby Roger Gabriel.Nurses and Health Care editedby Elizabeth Lucas. Published by the King Edward's

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1978.tb02970.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0309-2402    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1978.tb02971.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY