ISSN:1050-3293    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1996.tb00133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1050-3293    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1996.tb00134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The problem of violence within America's prison system is not only misunderstood in key respects by the penological science that seeks to know it; it is in significant respects an effect of penological science and the practices it generates in the course of having aligned itself with legal discourses of the political state. Our thesis, informed by concepts that are central to Michel Foucault's antiscience project, is that violence within America's prison system is best understood as an oppositional response to a penological science, which, organized as a set of discursive practices and deployed in an alliance with legal discourses of the political state, succeeds in knowing inmates only in restricted and ultimately self‐defeating ways. Our thesis is neutral as to the truth or falsity of the specific knowledge claims of penology. Rather our focus is on the ways in which retrictedness and self‐defeat are inherent in the very doing of penology and how, further, the purported successes of penology's discursively grounded knowledge claims, as well as the practices they engender, contribute to the (violent) undoing of those very same claims. We offer illustrative empirical support for our thesis by showing some discursive practices of penological science, how they are deployed specifically in the course of inscribing inmates as scientifically knowable objects, and how such tactics incite inmates to develop new identity resources, steeped in violence, which effectively subvert penology's claims to knowle

ISSN:1050-3293    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1996.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Social scientists' arguments integrate both rhetorical and scientific features. Our belief is that analysis of these integrated arguments offers an opportunity to distinguish between the peculiarly rhetorical and scientific components of social scientists' argumentative efforts to resolve problems of inquiry. Our analysis shows that rhetorical forms combine with special empirical contents in problem‐solving arguments that aim ultimately to establish what we call reasoned facts about social phenomena under empirical investigation. We conclude that neither purely rhetorical nor purely scientific features of argument are sufficient to account for social scientists' efforts to induce acceptance of their claims as resolving problems of inquir

ISSN:1050-3293    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1996.tb00136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

While rhetorical studies of science have made significant progress in mapping the discursive dynamics of the sciences, it has only begun to engage meaningfully the question of promoting alternative, constructive discourses of and about science in the postmodern polis. Characterizing science as a complex series of discursive practices, this essay highlights the inescapable symbiosis of technical and political ways of knowing, creating sites for rhetorical critics to offer advisory claims regarding more constructive, democratic public engagements with science in the postmodern age. A brief study of the 1989 cold fusion controversy illustrates this perspective.

ISSN:1050-3293    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1996.tb00137.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This essay analyzes the discourse surrounding one of the new reproductive technologies, sex “choice,” which allows prospective parents to control for male offspring through sperm separation technology. Topical analysis is used to make the case that the deployment of political claims within technical argument serves only to mystify audiences and obscure ideological motives. This analysis reveals the standards of appropriateness suited to judging both technical and public claims. Feminist critiques of reproductive technologies provide emancipatory criteria for judging new technologies. Both standards, those of appropriateness to a specific realm and those of emancipation, are necessary to judge the selection of “choice” as the descriptor of technologies that will most likely narrow women's choices as individuils and a group. The essay takes the position that making distinctions between the different spheres of argument is necessary for judging the appropriateness of standards proffered within each sphere. Neither standards appropriate to any individual sphere nor “yusion discourse,” which bridges spheres, should be confused with idealized and transcendent emancipato

ISSN:1050-3293    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1996.tb00138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For nearly 20 years, Dr. Murray Straus and his associates at the University of New Hampshire's Family Research Laboratory have debated critics about the facts of wife abuse and how best to attain them. This debate occurs under circumstances of “empirical diversity” that involve researchers who investigate wife abuse with different methods and adduce a range of often seemingly incompatible facts. Consequently, disputants confront a special pluralistic version of the ancient rhetorical problem of invention and judgment: How can one establish common grounds for creation and evaluation of arguments about facts in the presence of empirical diversity? This essay conducts a topical analysis of Straus's arguments, which reveals two distinct approaches to this problem. One approach locates adjudicating standards in values and assumptions rooted deeply within Straus's preferred orientation toward the issues. Arguments premised on that kind of standard polarize rhetorical judgment under empirically diverse circumstances. The other approach locates standards in practical points of interdependence among disputants. Arguments premised on the interdependence topos open possibilities for more constructive deliberation among those who argue for seemingly incompatible facts. The essay shows that topical analysis of the “ksrats” of invention and judgment affords opportunities for practical intervention in controversies about

ISSN:1050-3293    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1996.tb00139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY