摘要:

People who study visual communication commonly assume that the ability to recognize the content of still or moving images requires prior familiarity with a set of representational conventions. This article argues against this notion. Drawing on recent theoretical developments regarding visual cognition, the article contends that an image's lack of fidelity to visual reality need not impede interpretation by an inexperienced viewer, so long as the image is able to satisfy certain minimal informational requirements of, real‐world vision. An outline of these requirements serves as the basis for a set of predictions about inexperienced viewers’ability to make sense of a variety of representational conventions, and these predictions are checked against available empirical evidence. Since there is in fact considerable research with a bearing on the issues examined here, the article's aim is to provide a theoretical synthesis and explanation of the findings of this resea

ISSN:1050-3293    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1993.tb00075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Interaction patterns of reciprocity and compensation have received extensive consideration in the literature on mutual influence processes. Unfortunately, conflicting and ambiguous definitions of these concepts, along with inadequate differentiation from other patterns such as matching, convergence, divergence, and complementarity have hindered theoretical and empirical progress. This article is dedicated to sorting out the differences among the various accommodation processes and offering appropriate constitutive definitions and operationalizations. It is proposed that definitions of reciprocity and compensation be distinguished from matching and complementarity in that the former incorporate principles of(1) directedness, (2) contingency, (3) both unidirectional and mutual influence, (4) change rather than maintenance, (5) directionality rather than magnitude of change, (6) intentional and automatic processes, and (7) functional equivalence of behaviors. Operationally, these criteria imply a focus on designs demonstrating causality or strong association between partner behaviors, concatenous and lagged responses, within‐dyad and longitudinal analyses, and, for many purposes, a more molar perspective. Issues of macro versus micro measurement, perceived versus actual reciprocity and compensation, and reliance on observer versus participant perspectives are also considere

ISSN:1050-3293    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1993.tb00076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Scholars who write about the paradigms influencing mass media research differ in their speculations. This study was conducted to provide an empirical analysis by examining six characteristics of mass media research articles published in eight major communication journals. The social science paradigm was found to account for over 60% of the studies, while the interpretive paradigm accounted for about 34% and the critical paradigm less than 6%. It was concluded that the social science paradigm, while being the majority paradigm in the mainstream journals, could not be considered a dominant paradigm in the research field. Also, even though most of the research emulated the social science paradigm in purpose, it failed to meet scientific standards of theoretical orientation leading to quantitative data gathered by probabilistic sampling methods.

ISSN:1050-3293    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1993.tb00077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1050-3293    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1993.tb00078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book review in this article:DemocracyIn an Age of Corpomte Colonlzatlon: Developments in Communication and the Politics of Everyday LifeStanley A. Deetz

ISSN:1050-3293    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1993.tb00079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY