摘要:

AbstractThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been detected in all body fluids. The presence and the detection of HIV virus in human saliva are reviewed. Modes of HIV transmission are discussed with particular reference to the possibility and risk of virus transmission via saliva. This risk is considered to be extremely low. The relevance of this information to the practising dentist is discussed and some practical suggestions in infection control are made.

ISSN:0045-0421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1994.tb01375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn HIV infected patients, a distinct form of gingivitis and periodontitis was reported recently. This paper reviews the clinical and microbiological features of these lesions and makes recommendations regarding their clinical management. The need for early treatment and control of periodontitis in HIV seropositive patients is emphasized.

ISSN:0045-0421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1994.tb01376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is a trend towards manufacturers seeking to provide dentists with a single, all‐purpose composite resin, usually of the small particle hybrid type. This three‐year clinical study compared the clinical performance of three different types of composite resin used in posterior teeth and identified several modes of failure. Of the 330 restorations (three composite resins and one amalgam control) initially placed in 72 patients, 223 restorations in 48 patients were available for evaluation at three years. Modified clinical criteria for assessing the restorations were able to discriminate among the composite resins. A microfilled composite and a small particle hybrid exhibited increasing evidence of marginal fracture (crevice) with time. In addition, the small particle hybrid showed evidence of wear at the margins more frequently than the other materials. Of the restorations available for assessment, four restorations of each of these two types of composite resin required replacement during the study. Coarse particle hybrid restorations showed evidence of wear but little evidence of marginal fract

ISSN:0045-0421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1994.tb01377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvasive cervical resorption, a form of external root resorption, has been reported to be associated with intra‐coronal bleaching of root‐filled teeth and this has raised concerns about carrying out such bleaching procedures. The purpose of the present study was to examine the incidence of invasive cervical resorption in root‐filled teeth which had been bleached using a standardized technique. Three observers examined records and radiographs from a total of 158 patients, whose bleaching treatment had been carried out in a specialist endodontic practice. The sample comprised 204 teeth with a review period of between 1 and 19 years. One‐hundred‐and‐fifty‐one teeth (77.94 per cent) had an associated history of traumatic injury. All teeth had been treated with a combination of thermocatalytic and ‘walking bleach’ procedures using 30 per cent hydrogen peroxide. In 54.41 per cent of teeth, guttapercha and AH26 root‐fillings were kept at the height of the cemento‐enamel junction while 18.63 per cent were below and 26.96 per cent were above the CEJ. Sealing cement was not placed over the gutta‐percha and AH26 root‐fillings in any of the teeth in the study. It was found that a total of four teeth from the sample group (1.96 per cent) had developed invasive cervical resorption during the review period. All of these teeth had a history of traumatic injury and the level of gutta‐percha was at the CEJ. The incidence of resorption found in this study of root‐filled teeth using a combined thermocatalytic and ‘walking bleach’ technique is lower than previously reported and indicates a relatively low risk of invasive cervical resorp

ISSN:0045-0421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1994.tb01378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe normal vitamin K status of the human embryo appears to be close to deficiency. Maternal dietary deficiency or use of a number of therapeutic drugs during pregnancy, may result in frank vitamin K deficiency in the embryo. First trimester deficiency results in maxillonasal hypoplasia in the neonate with subsequent facial and orthodontic implications.A rat model of the vitamin K deficiency embryopathy shows that the facial dysmorphology is preceded by uncontrolled calcification in the normally uncalcified nasal septal cartilage, and decreased longitudinal growth of the cartilage, resulting in maxillonasal hypoplasia. The developing septal cartilage is normally rich in the vitamin K‐dependent protein matrix gla protein (MGP). It is proposed that functional MGP is necessary to maintain growing cartilage in a non‐calcified state.Developing teeth contain both MGP and a second vitamin K‐dependent protein, bone gla protein (BGP). It has been postulated that these proteins have a functional role in tooth mineralization. As yet this function has not been established and abnormalities in tooth formation have not been observed under conditions where BGP and MGP should be formed in a non‐function

ISSN:0045-0421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1994.tb01379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of vascular endothelial cells (EC) in periodontitis was investigated in a series of histological studies. Expansion of the vasculature was found to occur with development of gingivitis and periodontitis. This was thought to contribute to the characteristic tissue degradation in the developing disease. Vascular expansion could also play a role in the formation of a previously unreported perivascular hyaline material (PHyM). Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are known to be protective in periodontitis, and the location, incidence and extent of PHyM suggested a role for PHyM in periodontitis by inhibiting PMN emigration. PMN emigration was found to occur from specialized high EC (HEC) lined post capillary venules. This was unexpected, as such vessels have previously been found to exchange lymphocytes almost exclusively. Detailed histochemical, ultrastructural and biosynthetic studies of these specialized blood vessels led to the suggestion that HEC may be specially adapted for the synthesis of cytokines in periodontitis. A negative association between expression of the membrane bound ectoenzyme, alkaline phosphatase, and HEC suggested a role for this enzyme in leukocyte emigration. These observations compel re‐evaluation of the role of EC in chronic inflammation, and in periodontitis in particular. The direction of current and future work is discusse

ISSN:0045-0421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1994.tb01380.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConcepts of the immunopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) based on lesion histology suggest an early role for CD4+ T cells. Otherin vitrostudies show enhanced destruction of epithelial targets by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from RAS subjects. The present project aimed to extend these studies under conditions simulating thein vivosituation. Epithelial cells were cultured and induced to express class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens with gamma interferon (γ‐IFN). Co‐cultures with autologous PBMC showed evidence of specific destruction of epithelial targets in RAS patients when compared with a control group. Co‐culture with CD4+ enriched cells also showed specific epithelial cell lysis. Effector cells pre‐incubated with interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) did not produce increased destruction of epithelial cells. This study has supported previous work and identified an early role o

ISSN:0045-0421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1994.tb01381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe TEM was used to categorize vessels and their junctions in normal and tensioned rat maxillary molar periodontal ligament. In tensioned periodontal ligament mean luminal diameters of capillaries were significantly smaller (p<0.001). Goniometer tilting of sections with apparent tight regions revealed that only 16 per cent were actual tight junctions. The other regions proved to be close junctions (85 per cent) and open junctions (4 per cent). No gap junctions were found. These findings establish that morphologically the periodontal ligament contains a microvascular bed of ‘leaky’ endothelium with a potentially high permeability fac

ISSN:0045-0421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1994.tb01382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis review covers some of the more recent developments in the understanding of the different glucosyltransferases (GTFs) secreted by oral streptococci, particularly those produced byStreptococcus salivarius— a species that has been intensively studied at the Institute of Dental Research in Sydne

ISSN:0045-0421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1994.tb01383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhile the precise mechanism of tooth eruption remains unknown it has been established that for tooth eruption to occur a functioning dental follicle is essential and normal bone resorption is required. In the osteopetrotic microphthalmic(mi)mouse, teeth fail to erupt and development is affected. In the present study, an organ culture technique was established to culture successfully lower first molars from normal and affectedmimice so as to determine if developmental defects were intrinsic to the dental tissue or whether such defects were a result of local environmental factors. Tissue was cultured for up to 13 days and development assessed morphologically at varying time intervals using standard light microscopy. Teeth developed similarly in both animal groups studied. The only variation in the appearance of cultured tissue occurred in the cervical loop region with more curling evident in dental tissue from the affected animals. The results of this study therefore showed that dental tissue from both normal and affectedmimice can be cultured for up to 13 days and that there is no difference in their development. It would appear that these teeth have the same ability to develop and consequently erupt, however the local environment influences tooth development and alters the eruption potential.

ISSN:0045-0421    

DOI:10.1111/j.1834-7819.1994.tb01384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY