摘要:

Long sleep (LS) and short sleep (SS) mice have been selectively bred for differences in response to hypnotic doses of ethanol. In these studies, SS mice were found to develop functional tolerance faster than LS mice during a regimen of multiple injections of ethanol. No evidence for the development of acute tolerance was evident in mice of either of the selected lines or the offspring of an LS by SS cross (F.), and no metabolic tolerance developed during the 5‐day alcohol treatment perio

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1980.tb04794.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of single ethanol doses on fluid and electrolyte metabolism were studied in 31 male mongrel dogs. The animals were given either 0.75 g/kg. 1.50 g/kg. or 2.25 g/kg of a 25% (v/v) ethanol solution or isovolumetric quantities of water. Fluid intake, urine output, and electrolyte {Na, K, CI, Mg) excretions were measured at 0–3, 3–8, and 8–24 hr. During the ascending portion of the plasma ethanol curve (0–3 hr) there was a diuresis and renal magnesium loss in the two highest dosage ethanol groups. During the initial portion of the descending plasma ethanol curve (3–8 hr), each ethanol group had a significant elevation in voluntary intake. At 8–24 hr, renal retention of sodium, potassium, and chloride was found in the 1.5 and 2.25 g/kg groups, and magnesium excretion was also reduced in the 2.25 g/kg group. Over the 0–24 hr, none of the ethanol groups showed fluid loss, while the 2.25 g/kg ethanol group had significant retention of water. The administration of the 2.25 g/kg ethanol dose also resulted in 24–hr retention of sodiu

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1980.tb04795.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The central stimulants, pipradrol and nikethamide, the commercially available purported ethanol antagonist vitamin compound, Stedeze, and the acidifying diuretic, ammonium chloride, were tested for their efficacy in reversing acute ethanol intoxication in humans. Male moderate drinkers ingested ethanol (0.8 g/kg) and then either pipradrol (2.5 mg), nikethamide (1.25 g), Stedeze (4 tablets: 160 mg vitamin B, 160 mg vitamin B2, 45 mg niacin, 1 g yeast), ammonium chloride (1.0 g), or placebo according to double‐blind, within‐subjects, crossover designs. Subjects were individually tested on a battery of physiologic and behavioral measures of intoxication that included platform‐balance, divided attention and memory performance, electroencephalographic recordings, mood adjective check list, and objective and subjective inebriation ratings. In addition, blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) were monitored throughout each session. Although some antagonistic effects were found with nikethamide and ammonium chloride, none of the agents consistently reduced the degree of ethanol intoxication on the measures employed. In no instance did treatment with Stedeze significantly reduce intoxication when compared to placebo treatment (t test paired data or Wilcoxon signed‐ranks matched‐pairs test). These results indicate that none of the tested drugs represent effective sobering agents at the doses

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1980.tb04796.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The acute effect of ethanol on the membranes of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum, on the in vitro protein‐synthetic activities of hepatic free and membrane‐bound polyribosomes and on the plasma proteins of rats fasted overnight was investigated. Ethanol (0.75 g/100 g body weight) was tube‐fed as a 50% (v/v) solution in saline 3 hr before sacrifice. Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum membranes from control and ethanol‐treated rats were compared using the following techniques: (1) lactoperoxidase‐catalyzed radioiodination of proteins and sodium dodecylsulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and (2) measurement of14C‐choline incorporation into membranes. Hepatic microsomal membranes from ethanol‐treated rats incorporated in vitro less12BI into total proteins (as well as into the 55,000 molecular weight proteins) and incorporated in vivo less14C‐choline into microsomal membranes than membranes of control rats. Ethanol administration inhibited in vivo incorporation of “C‐leucine or14C‐phenylalanine into liver protein and plasma albumin and globulin. The data also indicate that an acute dose of ethanol reduced the in vitro protein‐synthetic activity of hepatic membrane‐bound polyribosomes, while free polyribosomes

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1980.tb04797.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

North Carolina males with alcoholism showed significantly greater age‐adjusted prevalence rates of corneal arcus than those without alcoholism. Thus, arcus senilis should always indicate to the physician the need to explore the possibility of alcoholism, particularly when it is detected in males under the age of 6

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1980.tb04798.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There are a number of indications suggesting that acetaldehyde (AcH) is one factor affecting the alcohol drinking behavior in laboratory animals. In the present study, the voluntary alcohol consumption in a free‐choice situation was recorded in 17 female Spraque‐Dawley rats fed with two different diets. The first diet (commercial Astra‐Ewos, Sweden) caused significantly (p<0.001) higher blood AcH concentrations after oral alcohol administration and lower alcohol preferences (alcohol intake as percentage of total fluid intake) than the other diet (prepared at the Alko laboratories). With the Alko diet, the individual preference values correlated negatively with the blood AcH concentrations (p<0.01) and positively with the liver aldehyde dehydrogenase activities (p<0.05). Hepatic alcohol oxidation rate was found to correlate positively with the AcH concentrations from perfused livers (p<0.05) and negatively with the alcohol preferences (p<0.05, Alko diet). The results are discussed considering a possible biphasic relation between the AcH metabolism and alcohol drinking beh

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1980.tb04799.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Wurmser, Leon: The Hidden Dimension: Psycho‐dynamics in Compulsive Drug Use. New York, Kaim, M.D.Rutledge, Barbara and Fulton, E. Kaye (eds): International Collaboration: Problems and Opportunitie

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1980.tb04800.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1980.tb04802.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1980.tb04803.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1980.tb04805.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY