摘要:

The role of brain catalase in the mediation of ethanol's effects on motor activity was investigated. Male Long‐Evans rats were pretreated with i.p. injections of the catalase inhibitor, 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triarole (AT) (1 g/kg) or saline (S). Four hours later, animals in each group received i.p. injections of one of two doses of ethanol (ETOH) [1.0 g/kg (E1) or 2.0 g/kg (E2)] or one of two volumes of distilled water (W1 or W2). Ten minutes alter the administration of these agents, animals were placed in open‐field chambers and motor activity was recorded during a 10‐min testing period. Results indicated that the motor depression produced by 2.0 g/kg of ETOH was significantly attenuated in AT pretreated rats (group AT‐E2). AT pretreatment, however, had no effect on motor activii for subjects injected with 1.0 g/kg ethanol or water. Total brain catalase activity in AT‐pretreated animals was 15% of control animals. No differences in blood ethanol levels were obsewed between AT‐ and S‐pretreated animals. An interaction between ethanol and AT at the level of the central nervous system is suggested. The results of the present study suggest that brain catalase activity may be involved in ethanol's effects. They also provide further support for the notion that acetaldehyde may be produced directly in the brain via catalase and that it may be a factor mediating some of ethano

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have reviewed available reports from 1974‐1987 linking alcohol consumption with breast cancer. Although three prospective studies show a slightly increased risk of breast cancer for consumers versus nonconsumers of alcohol, the results of correlation studies and case control studies have been inconsistent. In both positive and negative studies the amount of alcohol consumed by women with breast cancer was low, and if there is an association between alcohol and breast cancer, then it would appear that complete abstinence would be required to reduce the risk of this disease. At present, it seems premature to consider such a drastic recommendation until further information becomes availabl

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00294.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Prior studies in rodents, sheep, and subhuman primates have shown that ethanol, especially atter chronic exposure, inhibits the transport of amino acids by the placenta. A small decrease in glucose transport by rat placenta chronically exposed to ethanol has also been noted. With human placental slices, however, only pharmacological (high) concentrations of ethanol impaired uptake of amino acids, and there are no data on glucose transport. In the present study, the effect of brief exposure to ethanol on human placental transport of model amino acids and glucose was studied by two techniques not previously jointly employed for this—the perfused human placental cotyledon and human placental vesicle systems. The nonmetabolizable amino acids, α‐aminoisobutyric (AIB) acid and cycloleucine (CLEU), as well asd‐glucose, and nonmetabolized glucose (3‐O‐methyl‐d‐glucose), were used as probes. AIB and CLEU are transferred normally by active transport andd‐glucose by facilitated transport from maternal to fetal compartments. The pertused placental system was exposed to ethanol (300‐500 mg%) for 2–4 hr and the vesicles to 200–400 mg% ethanol for times varying from 10 min to 48 hr. There was no impairment of AIB,d‐glucose, or 3‐O‐methyl‐d‐glucose transfer by ethanol using these techniques. Normally, about 60% of AIB transport by human placenta is sodium dependent. This component (using the vesicle system) was also not impaired by ethanol. Ethanol caused a very small decrease of CLEU clearance by the perfused human placenta (p= 0.05) but not using vesicles. We conclude that transport of amino acids and glucose by the human placenta is relatively resistant to the i

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several methods have been applied to the study of the genetic determinants of ethanol (EtOH) sensitivity in animals. The use of inbred strains has indicated that virtually all responses to EtOH have a significant degree of genetic determination. Studies with large batteries of inbred strains have elucidated the common genetic control of several clusters of EtOH‐related variables. Studies with Recombinant inbred strains have identified single genes that may influence EtOH withdrawal severity and EtOH preference drinking. The best developed method has been the use of selective breeding to develop lines of mice or rats differing in EtOH‐related behavioral characters. Illustrative examples of potentially important research findings from experiments with LS/SS, P/NP, and WSP/WSR selected lines are discussed. Significant progress has been made in the use of genetic animal models to further our understanding of EtOH‐related traits. Several avenues for further research appear to be promising, and specific directions to be pursued are sugg

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ethanol and acetaldehyde uptake by the lactating rat mammary gland as well as their effects on this gland at the ultrastructural level have been studied. The extraction of acetaldehyde was greater than that of ethanol both after chronic and acute ethanol treatment. Chronic ethanol administration resulted in a loss of the mammary cell polarization, in a reduction of the Golgi dictyosomal elements and in several abnormalities at the level of casein maturation and secretion, whereas lipid synthesis and secretion did not seem to be affected. Normal spherical casein micelles took on a filament‐like structure and casein vesicles appeared fused together forming ma‐crovesicles. All these alterations were specific of ethanol and/or acetaldehyde action and were not due to the associated malnutrition, as deduced from the lack of visible effects in the nutritional control gr

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the period 1977‐1979, a sample of consecutively admitted alcoholic in‐patients was studied with CT scan of the brain and neuro‐psychological tests. A subsample of 52 patients met the following criteria: age less than 46 years, no history of severe head injury or focal signs of traumatic brain damage, and no history of liver disease, drug abuse, or long‐lasting anticonvulsant therapy. However, 72% of the patients showed brain atrophy and 49% intellectual impairment as compared to 16% and 13%, respectively, in an age‐matched sample of men from the general population. Five years later, after excluding patients with head trauma, serious alcoholic liver disease and drug abuse, 37 patients were reinvestigated.Sixteen patients were abstinent or had greatly improved drinking habits during the 5‐year follow‐up period and 21 were still drinking. Alcohol abstinence was found to be associated with a regress of cortical atrophy and central atrophy as assessed by the width of the 3rd ventricle. However, the recovery was not complete as compared with the prevalence of atrophy in the sample from the general population. Among the patients a significant improvement in one cognitive test and a trend to improvement in some other tests associated with improved drinking habits was observed. Regression of central atrophy as assessed by a decreased diameter of the 3rd ventricle was associated with improvement in the very same cognitive tests.The results suggest that both atrophy of the brain and cognitive ability can improve in alcoholics who give up drinking. The CT‐findings indicate that changes of the tissues close to the 3rd ventricle is of clinical relevance in common type

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00298.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In rats fed ethanol (36% of total energy) for 1 month as part of a standard liquid diet, significant increases in hepatic lipids, microsomal cytochrome P‐450, and in the activity of the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system were observed. Similar effects were noted in another group of animals treated with the same ethanol‐containing diet, except that the content of minerals and vitamins was increased by 50%. Body weight gains were also comparable in these groups. It is concluded that these effects of ethanol are not due to vitamin and mineral deficiency secondary to decreased food intake but rather can be attributed to ethanol its

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY