ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The assessment of alcoholic brain damage by computerized tomographic (CT) scanning is reviewed and discussed. Alcoholics showed greater cerebral atrophy than aged‐matched neurological controls. Supratentorial atrophy measurements correlated significantly with some neurobehavioral assessment measures. The cerebral atrophy reversed in some subjects with maintained abstinence. Computerized assessment of cerebral spinal fluid volume (cerebral atrophy) and mean cerebral density showed decreased cerebral spinal fluid volume and increased cerebral density with maintained abstinence over 4 weeks in a group of 20 alcoholics. CT cerebellar measurements demonstrated atrophy in many subjects, but these measure‐menu did not correlate with measures of ataxia, cognitive impairment, supratentorial atrophy measurements, or age. An example of a magnetic resonance imaging scan of an alcoholic is given. Its advantages in avoiding bony artifact for posterior fossa atrophy estimations and its potential for in vivo description and localization of central nervous system metabolic abnormalities in alcoholism are discus

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We are investigating potential noninvasive new strategies for the assessment of liver injury, steatosis, and hepatic tumor development These techniques employ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and spectroscopy. Accordingly, several experimental animal models of liver injury and steatosis produced in rats by ethanol, azaserine, L‐ethionine, carbon tetrachloride, and D‐galactosamine. Ethanol and L‐ethionine induce acute steatosis without necrosis, whereas azaserine, carbon tetrachloride, and D‐galactosamine are known to produce steatosis with varying degrees of hepatic necrosis. Triglyceride content and protein spin relaxation times were measured. T, values were analyzed by using an inversion recovery technique at eight different r values (20 msec to 2.50 sec) and T, by Carr‐Purce)l‐Meibloom‐Gill pulse sequences with 10 spin echoes (4–40 msec). We also performed NMR imaging studies on controls and ethanol‐induced steatosis using a 60‐MHz Technicare 8‐cm bore superconducting system. Results of these experiments indicate that varying degrees of steatosis produce striking changes in T2without inducing changes in T2whereas necrosis superimposed on steatosis produces T, changes as well. Thus, these NMR spectroscopy and imaging studies demonstrated that steatosis may be clearly defined

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The application of NMR spectroscopy to studies of intact organs represents a powerful technology applicable for investigations of alcohol‐induced liver disease in animal models. NMR‐assisted studies of ethanol metabolism and its related pathology are now possible utilizing the13C and31P nuclei primarily. The major advantage of the technology includes the capacity to investigate biochemical processes at the level of the intact organ which is analyzed as a perfused preparation or in situ in an anesthetized animal model. Quantitative measurements of compounds containing either31P or13C nuclei are possible, and the kinetics of precursor incorporation into compounds associated with carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism are readily followed. The concentrations of free Mg2+and the pH of the intact liver can be monitored as a function of external perturbation and/or metabolic disturban

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Our aim was to investigate the possible interaction of acute ethanol (E) with the metabolism of other drugs by microsomes isolated from immature and mature rat livers and placenta. The effects of acute in vitro E exposure on the W‐demethylation of [“C]aminopyrine and [1‐,4C]methylcaffeine by these tissues were determined. In addition, the effects of ethanol on these two enzyme systems from male and female livers were compared along with an analysis of ethanol and cimetidine inhibitory interactions. The degree (percentage) of inhibition by acute E (1–3 mg/ml) varied with both age and sex. Amino‐pyrine demethylase activity was inhibited by E to a greater degree (p<0.05) in the adult female than the male. However, when inhibition was expressed in absolute terms (control minus inhibited activity), these inhibitory values varied in direct proportion to initial (control) enzyme activity. Thus, E reduced aminopyrine demethylase from adult male microsomes by 4 times that in the female and in excess of 1000 times the absolute inhibiton observed in fetal liver regardless of E concentration. A similar pattern of sex and age differences in caffeine demethylase response to E was observed except that absolute differences in inhibition were less due to smaller variation in control values. In addition, placental caffeine demethylase was highly sensitive to E inhibition (51% at 3 mg/nl) but not to the extent of caffeine demethylase from fetal liver (75% at 3 mg/nl). Finally, it was demonstrated that E interacts with cimetidine in a manner that may be

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Michaetis constants and maximal velocities for phenylacetaldehyde (a metabolite of phenylethylamine), 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetalde‐hyde (a metabolite of dopamine), 5‐hydroxyindole acetaldehyde (a metabolite of serotonin), and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde (a metabolite of epinephrine and norepinephrine) have been determined for both cytoplasmic (E1) and mitochondrial (E2) isozymes of human liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3). Kinetic constants with biogenic aldehydes have never been previously determined for individual homogeneous isozymes of aldehyde dehydrogenase from any species. Mathematical treatment of these constants suggests that competition with acetaldehyde during alcohol metabolism would severely inhibit dehydrogenation of biogenic aldehydes with the mitochondrial and not the cytoplasmic isozyme of human liver aldehyde dehydr

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mortality from cirrhosis in many countries deviates markedly from that expected for a given per capita alcohol intake. We investigated the possibility that dietary factors might explain the deviation expected and actual mortality rates in different countries. Deviations from expected cirrhosis mortality was calculated as a percentage for 17 different countries, all of whom had carrier rates for hepatitis B virus of less than 2%. The percentage of deviation was correlated with dietary intake of sautrated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, and also with mortality from ischemic heart disease. The percentage of deviation correlated inversely with dietary cholesterol (r= ‐0.86, p 0.001) and saturated fat (r= ‐0.80, p 0.001) and positively with polyunsaturated fats (r= ‐0.55 p 0.05). This suggests that both saturated fat and cholesterol protect against alcoholic cirrhosis while polyunsaturated fats promote cirrhosis. The correlation between percentage of deviation and ischemic heart disease (r= ‐0.78, p 0.002) suggests that those factors that promote ischemic heart diease protect against alcoholic ci

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY