ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several investigators have shown that alcohol can suppress the production of antibodies by animals and humans. The studies reported here were designed to determine whether alcohol has a direct effect on the B‐lymphocyte and to determine which stage of the B‐cell response is inhibited by alcohol.B‐lymphocyte lines specific for the antigen dinitrophenyl were used to study the effect of alcohol on the B‐lymphocyte. As little as 100 mg% of alcohol inhibited the response of these pure B‐cell lines to stimulation by either antigen (dinitrophenyl‐Ficoll) or anti‐μ antibody. Since no other cell types were present in the system the suppressive effect was on the B‐cell itself. However, alcohol did not inhibit membrane depolarization induced by antigen crosslinking of immunoglobulin receptors, and it did not inhibit activation of the phosphotidyl inositol pathway by receptor crosslinking.When alcohol was added to antigen stimulated B‐lymphocyte lines for varying periods during the immune response it was found that antibody production was inhibited if 150 mg% alcohol was present from 30 to 48 hr after the antigen was added to lymphocytes. Thirty six to 48 hr is the time required for a stimulated mature B‐lymphocyte to enter the proliferative phase of the immune response. These data raise the possibility that low doses of alcohol can inhibit antigen induced

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alcohol is a known suppressant to the immune system, and alcoholics frequently have impaired humoral and cell‐mediated immunity. Several studies indicate that alcohol modulates natural killer (NK) cell activity. NK cells provide important defense against certain infectious diseases, spontaneously arising tumors and, in particular, to blood‐borne metastasizing tumor cells. Evaluation of the effects of alcohol on NK cells is complicated by many factors including: the level and duration of alcohol abuse, polydrug use, the subject's age, and nutritional and health status. This study examined the effects of 1 and 2 weeks of alcohol consumption on baseline and interleukin 2 (IL‐2) stimulated murine NK cell activity. Well nourished female C57BL/6 mice were given continuous access to 20% w/v ethanol as the sole fluid source and consumed about 40% of their total caloric intake as ethanol. Splenic baseline and IL‐2 stimulated NK cell activity were significantly lower in ethanol‐consuming groups compared to control groups after the 1‐ and 2‐week test periods. The average daily intake of ethanol, blood alcohol concentration, and the percentage of ethanol‐derived calories were not associated with the decreased NK cell activity of the experimental animals; nor did any other measured parameter appear to serve as an indicator of ethanol modulation of splenic NK cell activity. Whether this immunosuppression results from the “direct” modulation of ethanol or from indirect factors i

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Major histocompatibility antigens (MHC) play a pivotal role in the immune response. Abnormal expression of MHC antigens has been correlated with aberrant regulation of the immune response. Studies on the effect of ethanol on class I MHC antigens demonstrate that ethanol significantly enhances their cell surface expression in a variety of cell lines in vitro. These changes in cell surface levels reflect increased intracellular protein synthesis and increased steady state mRNA levels. The effective ethanol concentrations (0.1‐1.0%) are physiologically attainable. Measurement of class I MHC antigens on peripheral blood lymphocytes in a population of acutely ethanol‐intoxicated patients showed a highly significant increase relative to controls. The possibility that the elevated levels of MHC antigens induced by ethanol may play a role in the evolution of ethanol‐related disease is disc

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There are reports that fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is associated with immune deficiency or DiGeorge syndrome. To investigate the effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on the immune system, we used a mouse model of FAS in which C57BL/6J female mice were fed a complete liquid diet containing 25% ethanol‐derived calories (EDC) from gestational day (g.d.) 1 to 18. Thymus cell numbers were markedly reduced in 18‐day fetuses exposed to ethanol. Thymocytes from fetuses from the 25% EDC diet group and from pair‐fed and ad‐libitum control diet groups were compared by flow cytometry for expression of T cell differentiation antigens. The proportions of L3T4‐and Lyt‐2 positive thymus cells were significantly reduced in alcohol‐exposed fetuses compared to controls; however, the number of Thy‐1‐positive cells did not differ among any of the groups. Six‐day old neonates exposed prenatally to ethanol from g.d. 1 to 13 had thymus and spleen T cell populations similar to those of controls in almost all cases, indicating a “catch‐up” of T cell numbers in most animals. Spleen T cell function, assessed by response to Concanavalin A (Con A), or Con A plus T cell growth factors, was somewhat depressed in e

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00362.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous study findings from this laboratory and other laboratories have established that ethanol administration to experimental animals or ingestion by human beings results in many changes in the immune system. The major effort in this laboratory is the study of the mechanisms by which ethanol down‐regulates the responses of thymus‐derived lymphocytes. By using a rat model of ethanol intoxication we have described a defect in lymphocyte proliferation to concanavalin A. In the current report data, preliminary and definitive, are presented that show our approach to determining the mechanisms of ethanol‐associated impairments in the immune system, especially the defect in lymphocyte proliferation. We have found that purified thymus‐derived lymphocytes from the spleens of ethanol‐treated rats have an inherent defect in their response to mitogenic stimulation. This defect is not caused by the direct effects of ethanol on the cells and probably is not caused by an inability of the cells from ethanol‐treated animals to produce the lymphocyte growth factor interleukin 2. Data are also presented that indicate that corticosteroids, produced most abundantly in this model by withdrawal from ethanol, play a role in the down‐regulation of the response of spleen cells to mitogeni

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00363.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lymphokines serve to modulate host inflammatory response by providing a communication link among cells involved in resistance to infection. In the alcoholic, this system may be impaired due to a combination of the direct effects of ethanol on immunocompetent cells and the soluble factors involved in cell‐cell interactions. In this paper, we review the literature on this subject, describe an ethanol‐related impairment of migration inhibitory factor activity in the rat, and present a possible mechanism for this alterat

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00364.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00365.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Women with alcohol problems constitute an increasing number of patients in medical service. Do they need special care? How should the treatment program be designed?The specialized female Karolinska Project for Early Treatment of Women with Alcohol Addiction (EWA) unit at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, was opened in 1981. The aim of the project is to reach women in an early stage of alcohol dependence behavior and to develop treatment programs specific to the needs of females alone.In order to investigate the value of such a specialized female unit a controlled 2‐year follow‐up study was carried out including 200 women. The probands were treated in the female only EWA‐unit, whereas the controls were placed in the care of traditional mixed‐sex alcoholism treatment centers.The 2‐year follow‐up study showed a more successful rehabilitation regarding alcohol consumption and social adjustment for the women treated in the specialized female unit (EWA). Improvement was noted also for the controls but to a lesser extent. Probably one of the most important achievements of a specialized female unit, such as EWA, is to attract women to come for h

ISSN:0145-6008    

DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY